Tratamiento asistido con animales en la rehabilitación de personas mayores
efectos sobre el equilibrio y la calidad de vida
Palabras clave:
Salud del Anciano, Terapia Asistida por Animales, Servicios de Rehabilitación, Equilibrio Postural, Calidad de VidaResumen
Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de la terapia asistida con animales sobre el equilibrio y la calidad de vida de las personas mayores, comparándola con la rehabilitación convencional.
Método: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado con dos grupos de personas mayores (entre 60 y 79 años), de 12 semanas de duración y dos sesiones semanales. Se recopilaron datos sociodemográficos, estado de salud, evaluaciones del equilibrio y calidad de vida. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y Wilcoxon (p<0,05).
Resultados: Ambos grupos mostraron una mejora significativa del equilibrio. El grupo con presencia del animal mostró mayores avances. en calidad de vida, según el WHOQOL-Old (participación social: p<0,049), WHOQOL-Bref (física: p<0,004; y psicológica: p<0,016) y SF-36 (función física: p<0,009; rendimiento físico: p<0,036; dolor: p<0,002; función social: p<0,042; y componente físico: p<0,010).
Conclusión: Ambos enfoques proporcionaron beneficios, pero el tratamiento con la presencia del animal se destacó en lo que se refiere al bienestar, funcionalidad y reducción del aislamiento social de las personas mayores.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2026 Ariana Oliveira Santos, Luciana Moreira Magalhães de Oliveira, María Belén Arriaga Gutiérrez, Taiana Ribeiro Borges, Jéssica Nery Novaes Aderne, Leonardo Sampaio de Mattos, Eduardo Martins Netto
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