Toxoplasmosis en mujeres embarazadas atendidas en atención primaria
un estudio transversal sobre seroprevalencia y factores asociados
Palabras clave:
Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa, Factores de Riesgo, Estudios Seroepidemiológicos, Atención Prenatal, Educación PrenatalResumen
Objetivo: Estimar la seroprevalencia de toxoplasmosis en mujeres embarazadas que acuden a atención primaria e investigar las variables sociodemográficas, obstétricas y conductuales asociadas a la seropositividad.
Método: Estudio transversal realizado con 145 mujeres embarazadas sanas con riesgo habitual, residentes en Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, mediante un cuestionario estructurado y datos de registros de pruebas serológicas. El análisis incluyó estadística descriptiva e inferencial, con un nivel de significancia del 5%, y análisis multivariante.
Resultados: La seroprevalencia de toxoplasmosis fue del 35,2%. Las mujeres embarazadas seropositivas presentaron una mayor edad promedio (p < 0,001) y un mayor número de embarazos previos (p = 0,005). Se observó una asociación con la presencia de roedores en el hogar (p < 0,001) y la falta de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad (p = 0,008). En el análisis multivariado, la edad materna se identificó como un factor asociado (p = 0,012).
Conclusión: La mayoría de las mujeres embarazadas fueron susceptibles a la toxoplasmosis, lo que refuerza la importancia de las pruebas de detección y las acciones educativas durante la atención prenatal.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2026 Nayara Gonçalves Barbosa, Sofia Maria Lopes Braga Ayres Gargiullo, Letícia da Cruz Silva, Marcos Morais Santos Silva, Silvia Regina Marin da Motta, Lúcia Yasuko Izumi Nichiata, Flávia Azevedo Gomes-Sponholz
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