Changes socioeconomic and environmental result of public policies socioeconomic development in the northeast coast of Pará, Brazil

Abstract

From the second half of the twentieth century, the prairie territories of the fishing communities in the coastal zone of the State of Pará Northeast began to receive public policies for socioeconomic development. Generating strong anthropy in the relationship between socioeconomic and environmental aspects. This study aimed at analyzing the main socioeconomic and environmental changes resulting from public investments in road expansion, urbanization and beach tourism on the beaches of Atalaia (Salinópolis), Ajuruteua (Bragança) and Crispim (Marapanim), beginning in 1960. The method was reviewed bibliography, selection of risk areas on the Atlantic coast of Pará, on-site visits, 115 personal interviews (exploratory and descriptive) and data analysis. The results indicated as environmental change the replacement of vegetation and dunes for civilian buildings (Q.3 - fields between dunes: 61.8%, dunes: 21.7%, mangrove: 11.3%, Q.7 - trade / services: 66.1%, 2nd residence: 17.40%, residence: 16.5%). In the social area, there was a replacement of fishing spaces for tourism urbanization (Q.2 - purchased: 47% and occupied: 40.9%). In the economy there was a substitution of traditional fishing activities for tourism (Q.7 - trade/services: 66.1% and animal extractivism: 0%). The negative impacts generated have implications on the lack of urban infrastructure (Q.8 - lack of public services: 72.3%), coastline retreat (Q.8 - coastal erosion: 17.4%), and poor service provision quality to support tourist activity (Q.9 - service provision: 52.2%). It is concluded that the current problematic situations (environmental pollution, coastal erosion, supply deficiency and tourist services) are consequences of the socio-spatial occupation and formation process developed by the public power, which, in order to generate socioeconomic development, disregarded the legal systems for preserving the border promoting urban expansion and the development of bathing tourism, without planed and adequate infrastructure, generating negative impacts that hinder the socioeconomic development of the region.