Impactos da agricultura de tabaco na saúde humana e na poluição da água em Chapadão do Lageado, Santa Catarina, Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/dma.v66i.95456Palavras-chave:
tabaco, agroquímicos, doença da folha verde, sintomas de toxidadeResumo
O Brasil é o segundo maior produtor de tabaco. No presente estudo investigaram-se os agrotóxicos utilizados, sua presença nos recursos hídricos do Chapadão do Lageado (Santa Catarina, Brasil) e a associação entre produção de tabaco e saúde dos agricultores. Utilizou-se cromatografia líquida-espectrometria de massa em tandem para determinar e quantificar resíduos de agrotóxicos em amostras de água de rios e poços. A manipulação de pesticidas e do tabaco têm consequências negativas, mesmo usando medidas preventivas. Dentre os 107 fumicultores entrevistados, 91,6% relataram sintomas relacionados à doença da folha verde do tabaco e 19,6% relataram sintomas decorrentes da manipulação de agrotóxicos. Cerca de 40% das amostras de água de poço apresentaram resíduos de imidacloprida, sulfentrazona, tiametoxam e iprodiona. Nas amostras de água de rios, mais de 70% apresentaram resíduos dos mesmos agrotóxicos identificados em águas de poços, mais clomazone. As suas práticas de produção e manejo ameaçam a saúde humana e ambiental. A situação torna-se alarmante já que os efeitos nocivos da exposição às folhas verdes do tabaco intensificam os problemas de saúde dos produtores. É necessária uma reflexão crítica sobre políticas, abordagens e ferramentas para enfrentar essas complexas situações de risco de saúde pública nos territórios onde o cultivo do tabaco é uma das principais atividades econômicas.
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