PARENTAL LEAVE AS AGENDA TO GENDER EQUALITY: DIALOGUES BETWEEN THE SWEDISH AND BRAZILIAN MODELS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/rfdufpr.v61i3.48053Keywords:
Parental leave. Gender. Family.Abstract
This article aims to examine the Swedish shared parental leave system as a potential way of promoting gender equality and, further, to analyze the Brazilian system of unilateral leave. To this end, the study adopts a comparative method of functional-equivalence, investigating Sweden’s peculiarities and then the Brazilian establishment. Thus, it is verified the existence of great cultural and economic disparities between these two nations, and opposing backgrounds in the possibilities of gender equality promotion. If on the one hand it is not possible to simply transplant a European experience to the Latin-American context, on the other hand it is possible to enforce the criticism that Brazil lacks legislation to promote equal opportunities and conditions for men and women, in an undesirable stimulus to keep their functions linked to sex stereotypes. Therefore, the conclusions of this work are that Swedish policies, although encompassing several problems, advocate to positively change this paradigm.
References
AGENCE FRANCE. Swedish fathers to get third month of paid paternity leave. Estocolmo, 2015. Disponível em: https://goo.gl/jz65sN. Acesso em: 14 nov. 2015.
AHARONI, Y. The no-risk society. New Jersey: Chatham House, 1981.
ALMQVIST, A.; DUVANDER, A. Changes in gender equality? Swedish fathers’ parental leave, division of childcare and housework. Journal of Family Studies, v. 20, n. 1, abr. 2014. p. 19-27.
AQUINO, Silvia de. Organizing to monitor implementation of the Maria da Penha Law in Brazil. In: AL-SHARMANI, Mulki (Org.). Feminist activism, women’s rights, and legal reform. London: Zed Book, 2013, p. 188.
ÁVILA, Maria Bethânia; FERREIRA, Verônica. Trabalho produtivo e reprodutivo no cotidiano das mulheres brasileiras. In: ÁVILA, Maria Bethânia; FERREIRA, Verônica (Org.). Trabalho remunerado e trabalho doméstico no cotidiano das mulheres. Recife: SOS Corpo Instituto Feminista para a Democracia / Instituto Patrícia Galvão, 2014.
BENEVIDES, Cláudia do Valle. Um Estado de bem-estar social no Brasil? 2011. 98 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 2011. Disponível em: https://goo.gl/g4b87u. Acesso em: 16 ago. 2015.
BERGMAN, H.; HOBSON, B. Compulsory fatherhood: the coding of fatherhood in the Swedish Welfare State. In: HOBSON, B. Making men into fathers: men, masculinities and the social politics of fatherhood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
BOBBIO, Norberto. Da estrutura à função: novos estudos de teoria do direito. Barueri: Manole, 2007.
BRASIL. Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ). Programa Pai Presente completa cinco anos e se consolida no país. 07/08/2015. Brasília: CNJ, 2015a.
______. Presidência da República. Secretaria de Políticas para as Mulheres. Relatório Anual Socioeconômico da Mulher 2014. Brasília: Secretaria de Políticas para as Mulheres, 2015d. 181p.
______. Presidência da República. Secretaria Especial de Políticas para as Mulheres. Relatório Anual do Observatório Brasil da Igualdade de Gênero 2010/2011. Brasília: Secretaria de Políticas para as Mulheres, 2011, 65p. Dados de 2009.
______. Secretaria Especial de Políticas para as Mulheres (SPM). Central de Atendimento à Mulher. Balanço 2014. Brasília: SPM, 2015b.
______. Secretaria Especial de Políticas para as Mulheres. Relatório anual socioeconômico da mulher. Brasília: SPM, 2015c.
CARLSON, J. Sweden’s Parental Leave Insurance: A Policy Analysis of Strategies to Increase Gender Equality. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, v. 40, n. 2, jun. 2013. p. 63-76.
CONFEDERATION OF SWEDISH ENTERPRISE INSURANCE. Statutory and collective insurance schemes for the Swedish labour market 2014. 36. ed. Bromma: Arkitektkopia AB, 2014. Disponível em: www.finfa.se. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2015.
COSTA, Ana Alice Alcântara. O feminismo brasileiro em tempos de ditadura militar. In: PEDRO, Joana Maria; WOLFF, Cristina Scheibe (Org.). Gênero, feminismos e ditaduras no Cone Sul. Florianópolis: Editora Mulheres, 2010.
CROMPTON, R. Restructurating gender relations and employment: the decline of the male breadwinner. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
DUVANDER, Ann-Zofie; FERRARINI, T.; THALBERG, S. Swedish parental leave and gender equality: achievements and reforms challenges in a European perspective. Sweden: Institutet för Framtidsstudier, 2005.
DUVANDER, Ann-Zofie; LAPPEGARD, Trude; ANDERSON, Gunnar. Family policy and fertility: father’s and mother’s use of parental leave and continued childbearing in Norway and Sweden. Journal of European Social Policy, v. 20, n. 1, 2010.
ESPING-ANDERSEN, Gosta. As três economias políticas do Welfare State. Lua Nova, São Paulo, n. 24, p. 85-116, set. 1991.
FORGET, G. La promotion de l’engagement paternel, des archétypes à transformer, une pratique à construire. In: DESLAURIERS, J.-M. (Dir.). Reflets: revue d’intervention sociale et communautaire, 2009, v. 15, n. 1, p. 79-101.
HOBSON, Barbara; FAHLÉN, Susanne. Parent’s work-life balance: beyond responsibility and obligations to agency and capabilities. In: BRIDGEMAN, Jo; KEATING, Heather; LIND, Craig. Regulation family responsibilities. Farnham,UK: Ashgate, 2011. p. 21-46.
MARQUES, Stanley Souza. Ampliar a licença-paternidade para despatriarcalizar o Estado e a sociedade. Gênero e Direito, Paraíba, n. 1, 2015. p. 241-260.
MARQUES, Teresa Cristina de Novaes; MELO, Hildete Pereira de. Os direitos civis das mulheres casadas no Brasil entre 1916 e 1962 ou como são feitas as leis. In: Revista Estudos Feministas, Florianópolis, v. 16 (2), maio/agosto, 2008.
MICHAELS, R. The functional method of comparative law. In: REIMANN, M.; ZIMMERMANN, R. The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. p. 339-382.
OLÁH, Livia Sz. Gender and family stability: dissolution of the first parental union in Sweden and Hungary. Demographic Research, Rostock, v. 4, fev. 2001. Disponível em: https://goo.gl/LPM0PJ. Acesso em: 15 ago. 2015.
OPPENHEIMER, Valerie Kincade. Women’s rising employment and the future of the family in industrial societies. Population and Development Review, v. 20, n. 2, June 1994. p. 293-342.
PINHEIRO, Luana; GALIZA, Marcelo; FONTOURA, Natália. Novos arranjos familiares, velhas convenções sociais de gênero: a licença-parental como política pública para lidar com essas tensões. Revista Estudos Feministas. Florianópolis, 3, 851, 2009. p. 853.
PITANGUY, Jacqueline. Movimento de mulheres e política de gênero no Brasil. Novembro 2002. Disponível em: https://goo.gl/lPdpVw. Acesso em: 13 nov. 2014.
QUÉNIART, A. La paternité sous observation: des changements, des résistances mais aussi des incertitudes. In: DESCARRIES, F.; CORBEIL, Cristine. Espaces et temps de la maternité. Québec: Les Éditions du Remue-Ménage, 2002.
QUINTANA, Mário. 80 anos de poesia. São Paulo: Editora Globo S.A., 1994.
RIBEIRO, Ednaldo. A consistência das medidas de pós-materialismo: testando a validade dos índices propostos por R. Inglehart no contexto brasileiro. Sociedade e Estado, Brasília, v. 22, n. 2, p. 371-400, maio/ago. 2007.
SGARBOSSA, L. F.; GEZIELA, J. Elementos de direito comparado: ciência, política legislativa, integração e prática judiciária. Porto Alegre: Sérgio Fabris Editor, 2008.
SORJ, Bila; GAMA, Andréa. Family policies in Brazil. In: ROBILA, Mihaela (Org.). Handbook of family policies across the globe. New York: Springer, 2014. p. 459-471.
STONE, D. Policy paradox: the art of political decision-making. New York: Norton, 2006.
SUÉCIA. Statistics Sweden. Women and men in Sweden 2014. 3 jul. 2014.
SVENSKT NÄRINGSLIV. Statutory and collective insurance schemes for the Swedish labour market 2014. 36. ed. Stockholm: Svenskt Näringsliv, 2014.
SVERIGES OFFICIELLA STATISTIK. Summary of Population Statistics 1960-2014. 19 fev. 2015. Disponível em: http://www.scb.se/sos. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2015.
VERRUCI, Florisa; PATAI, Daphne. Women and the new Brazilian Constitution. Feminist studies, v. 17, n. 3, 1991. p. 550-568.
YODANIS, Carrie; LAUER, Sean. Is marriage individualized? What couples actually do. Journal of family theory and review, Malden, v. 6, n. 2, p. 184-197, June 2014, p. 63.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in the Journal agree to the following terms:
– Authors retain copyright and grant the Journal the right of first publication, with the work licensed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence, allowing the work to be shared as long as proper credit is given to the authors and the initial publication in the Journal is acknowledged;
– Reusers must provide appropriate credit, include a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses the reuser or their use;
– Reusers may not apply additional restrictions, legal terms, or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits;
– Reusers must attribute credit to the creator and allow others to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, exclusively for noncommercial purposes and under the same terms, in compliance with Brazilian Law No. 9,610 of February 19, 1998, and other applicable regulations.
