Topical Use of Injectable Dexmedetomidine in Combination with Dorzolamide for the Treatment of Glaucoma in Dogs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v30i4.99797Keywords:
intraocular pressure, pharmacological repositioning, ophthalmology, alpha-2 agonistAbstract
This study investigated the efficacy of the isolated topical use of 2% dorzolamide eye drops three times a day compared to the combination of 100 µg/ml dexmedetomidine (originally formulated for injectable use and applied topically twice a day) associated with the use of 2% dorzolamide eye drops three times a day, in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in dogs diagnosed with glaucoma. A total of 29 dogs with glaucoma and IOP greater than 25 mmHg were selected based on specific clinical criteria of the disease. The dogs were divided into two groups: Group 1 (DORZO) included 12 animals that received only 2% dorzolamide eye drops every eight hours, and Group 2 (DEX DORZO) included 17 animals that received 2% dorzolamide eye drops every eight hours combined with 100 µg/ml dexmedetomidine applied topically every 12 hours. IOP measurements were taken on the day of the first clinical evaluation and again at 7 and 30 days after the glaucoma diagnosis. Vital parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and systolic blood pressure were assessed before and 30 minutes after the topical application of dexmedetomidine. The results showed a significant reduction in IOP in eyes treated with dorzolamide alone (DORZO) and those treated with the combination of dexmedetomidine and dorzolamide (DEX DORZO). The DEX DORZO group had an average reduction of 35.99% (p = 0.001) in IOP at the end of the 30-day evaluation compared to a 20.32% reduction in the DORZO group (p = 0.6026). There were no statistically significant differences in the evaluated vital parameters, and no cases of blepharospasm or hyperemia were observed following medication administration in either group. In conclusion, the topical administration of dexmedetomidine twice daily, combined with dorzolamide eye drops, may be an effective and safe approach to reducing IOP in dogs with glaucoma. These results suggest the potential use of dexmedetomidine as an additional therapeutic option for the treatment of glaucoma in dogs, due to its alpha-2 adrenergic agonist action and the absence of significant adverse effects.
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