Impacto do uso de antimicrobianos na resposta imunológica pós-vacinal contra Lawsonia intracellularis em leitões
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v30i3.98856Keywords:
Antimicrobianos, vacina, Lawsonia intracellularis, suinocultura, imunidade humoral.Abstract
Resumo: O uso profilático e metafilático de antimicrobianos é comum na suinocultura brasileira. Algumas moléculas podem influenciar a resposta imunológica quando administradas com vacinas. Este estudo avaliou o impacto de antimicrobianos na resposta de anticorpos à vacina contra Lawsonia intracellularis (Porcilis® Ileitis). Foram analisados 144 leitões desmamados, divididos em 9 grupos: G1 (não vacinado), G2 (vacinado sem antimicrobianos) e sete grupos vacinados e tratados com diferentes antimicrobianos (G3 - ceftiofur; G4 - tildipirosina; G5 - tulatromicina; G6 - amoxicilina; G7 - doxiciclina; G8 - florfenicol; G9 - tiamulina). Os animais foram vacinados aos 30 dias de vida. Amostras de soro foram coletadas antes (D0) e após a vacinação (D7, D14, D21, D28 e D35) e analisadas por citometria de fluxo para medir IgG anti-L. intracellularis. A análise estatística (ANOVA de duas vias) mostrou que os níveis de IgG no D35 foram significativamente menores (p < 0,001) nos grupos tratados com ceftiofur (G3), doxiciclina (G7) e tulatromicina (G5) em comparação ao grupo G2. Em contraste, amoxicilina (G6), florfenicol (G8), tiamulina (G9) e tildipirosina (G4) não afetaram os níveis de anticorpos. O efeito negativo mais intenso (redução de 41,15% nos níveis de IgG) foi encontrado no grupo G3, tratado com ceftiofur. Nossos resultados demonstraram que o uso de alguns antibióticos durante o desenvolvimento da resposta imune humoral adaptativa pode afetar a potência sorológica de vacinas imunogênicas. Este efeito negativo pode ser especialmente importante em vacinas cuja resposta de anticorpos precisa de atingir o seu nível máximo nas fases iniciais da fase de creche.
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