Impeachment and Its Problem: The Study from Constitutional Law vs Criminal law Perspective in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/rinc.v11i1.87862Palabras clave:
impeachment, removal from the office, ne bis in idem, constitutional court, presidential system.Resumen
This paper will discuss the problems of the impeachment process in Indonesia. This issue focus on Articles 7A and 7B of the 1945 Indonesian Constitution. The two articles regulate the reasons for the impeachment process for the President and/or Vice President. This paper highlights two points. First is the impeachment process in Indonesia. Second, regarding the issue of the impeachment process being carried out, whether it can be a reason to abolish the prosecutor’s authority in prosecuting in the case of ne bis in idem or not. This research uses conceptual and historical approaches to analyze the problems discussed. From this study, the authors found that there are still problems in the legal aspect of evidence in the impeachment process, which still opens the possibility of the person being tried in another judicial system. Another finding is that the impeachment process and criminal/civil justice generally have different objects so that a person can be tried again. However, it needs to be strictly regulated in regulations related to the process and post-impeachment so that it no longer creates many interpretations in its implementation.
Citas
AMANADA, Karina. Tinjauan Ketatanegaraan terhadap Mekanisme dan Pengaturan Impeachment di Indonesia Menurut Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 setelah Perubahan. 215 p. Thesis (Bachelor) – Bachelor in Law Program, University of Indonesia.
ASSHIDDIQIE, Jimly. Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme Indonesia. Jakarta: Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia dan Pusat Studi Hukum Tata Negara Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia, 2005.
ASSHIDDIQIE, Jimly. Pokok-Pokok Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia Pasca Reformasi. Jakarta: PT. Bhuana Ilmu Populer, 2007. p. 316.
BERGER, Raoul. Impeachment: The Constitutional Problem. s.l. s.n. 1973.
COLE, P, Jared; GARVEY, Todd. Impeachment and the Constitution. s.l. s.n. 2019.
CONWAY, Gerard. Ne Bis in Idem in International Law. International Criminal Law Review, Leiden, vol. 3, n. 3, p. 217-244. 2003.
DOVAL, Gisela Pereyra; ACTIS, Esteban. The Political and Economic Instability of Dilma Rousseff’s Second Government in Brazil: Between Impeachment and the Pragmatic Turn. India Quarterly, s.l., s.n., v. 72, n. 2, p. 120-131. 2016.
FATKHUROHMAN. Menguji Kewenangan MPR RI pada Sidang Paripurna atas Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Mengenai Pemakzulan Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden di Indonesia (Sebuah Uji Kekuatan antara Keputusan Hukum dan Keputusan Politik). Jurnal Majelis, Jakarta, vol. 12, p. 87-106. 2019.
GERHARD, J, Michael. Impeachment: What Everyone Needs to Know. s.l. s.n. 2018.
HIARIEJ, Edward O.S. Prinsip-Prinsip Hukum Pidana: Edisi Revisi. Yogyakarta: Cahaya Atma Pustaka, 2016.
HINOHOSA, Victor J; PÉREZ-LIÑÁN, Aníbal S. Presidential Survival and the Impeachment Process: The United States and Colombia. Political Science Quarterly, New York, v.121, n. 4, p. 654-655, 2006.
HOFFER, Peter; HULL. Impeachment in America. s.l. s.n. 1984.
INDONESIA. Kembali Kepada Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. 3. ed. Jakarta: Penerbitan Chusus, 1959.
INDONESIA. Ketetapan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara tentang Pencabutan Kekuasaan Pemerintahan Negara dari Presiden Soekarno. Ketetapan MPR No. XXXIII/-MPRS/1967.
INDONESIA. Konstitusi Republik Indonesia Serikat.
INDONESIA. Mekanisme Impeachment dan Hukum Acara Mahkamah Konstitusi: Laporan Penelitian Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. Jakarta: Mahakamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia, 2005.
INDONESIA. Mekanisme Impeachment dan Hukum Acara Mahkamah Konstitusi. Jakarta: Mahkamah Konstitusi, 2005.
INDONESIA. Peraturan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia tentang Tata Tertib, Peraturan DPR RI No. 1 Year 2020.
INDONESIA. Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi tentang Pedoman Beracara dalam Memutus Pendapat Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Mengenai Dugaan Pelanggaran oleh Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden. Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 21 Year 2009.
INDONESIA. Peraturan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat tentang Tata Tertib. Peraturan MPR No. 1 Year 2019.
KADA, Naoko. Politics of Impeachment in Latin America. San Diego, 2002. 562 p. Thesis (Doctorate) – Doctorate in Law Program, University of California.
LIJPHART, Arend. Thinking About Democracy: Power Sharing and Majority Rule in Theory and Practice. New York: Routledge, 2008.
NASUTION, Adnan Buyung. Aspirasi Pemerintahan Konstitusional di Indonesia: Studi Sosio-Legal atas Konstituante 1956-1959. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti, 1995.
PEREZ-LINAN, Anibal. Presidential Impeachment and the New Political Instability in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
RIZQI, Khodijah Puteri Miftahul. Upaya Hukum yang Dapat Dimohonkan Terhadap Putusan Perkara Pidana yang Ne Bis in Idem. Jurist-Diction, Surabaya, vol. 4, n. 1, p. 195-212, 2021.
ROGALSKI, Maciej. The Exceptions to Res Judicata and the Prohibition of Ne Bis in Idem in Criminal Law. International Law Yearbook, Polska, p. 103-138, 2017-2018.
SHIN, Jae Hyok. Cabinet Duration in Presidential Democracies. Political Science Quarterly, New York, vol. 128, n. 2, p. 317-339. 2013.
TARIHORAN, Naf’an. Makna Impeachment Presiden Bagi Orang Amerika. Jakarta, 1999. 103 p. Thesis (Doctorate) - Doctorate in Law Program, University of Indonesia.
TRECHSHEL, Stefan. Human Rights in Criminal Proceedings. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
UNITED STATES, Department of Justice, Office of Legal Counsel. Legal Aspects of Impeachment: An Overview. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1974.
VAN BOCKEL, Bas. Ne Bis in Idem in EU Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
VERVAELE, John A. E., The Transnational Ne Bis in Idem: Principle in the EU Mutual Recognition and Equivalent Protection of Human Rights. Utrecht Law Review, Utrecht, vol.1, p. 100-118. 2005.
WASMEIER, Martin. Ne Bis in Idem and The Enforcement Condition: Balancing Freedom, Security and Justice?. New Journal of European Criminal Law, s.l., vol. 5, n. 4, p. 534-555. 2014.
WOOD, S, Gordon. The Creation of The American Republic. s.l. s.n. 1969.
WYNGAERT, Christine Van Den.; STESSENS, Guy. The International Non Bis In Idem Principle: Resolving Some of the Unanswered Questions. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Cambridge, vol. 48, n. 4, p. 779-804 . 1999.
ZOELVA, Hamdan. Impeachment Presiden: Alasan Tindak Pidana Pemberhentian Presiden Menurut UUD 1945. Jakarta: Konstitusi Press, 2005.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Autores mantienen los derechos autorales y conceden a la revista el derecho de primera publicación, con el trabajo simultáneamente licenciado bajo la Creative Commons - Atribución 4.0 Internacional que permite compartir el trabajo con reconocimiento de la autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Autores tienen autorización para asumir contratos adicionales separadamente, para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicada en esta revista (ej.: publicar en repositorio institucional o como capítulo de libro), con reconocimiento de autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Autores tienen permiso y son estimulados a publicar y difundir su trabajo online (ej.: en repositorios institucionales o en su página personal) a cualquier punto antes o durante el proceso editorial, ya que esto puede generar alteraciones productivas, así como aumentar el impacto y la citación del trabajo publicado (Véase El Efecto del Acceso Libre).
