Complexidade institucional e a crise do multilateralismo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/cg.v14i2.98625Palavras-chave:
Multilateralismo, Complexidade, Ordem Liberal, Compliance, Regimes Internacionais.Resumo
Este artigo analisa a crise do multilateralismo nas arenas de direitos humanos e comércio internacional sob a ótica da natureza do problema. Esta crise é contextualizada em um âmbito mais amplo enquanto processo de contestação da Ordem Liberal Internacional concebida no pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial. Dois fenômenos desempenham um papel central na análise: o nível de complexidade institucional destas duas arenas e os respectivos desafios de “compliance.” A natureza do problema enfrentado em cada arena revela-se como essencial para a compreensão mais ampla da complexificação destes regimes, assim como das consequências desta característica para o “compliance” por parte dos estados. O artigo conclui com um convite para retomarmos o estudo da natureza dos problemas a partir do conhecimento acumulado sobre o tema, com destaque para os desafios para a ação coletiva e para o mecanismo da reciprocidade.
Referências
AGGARWAL, Vinod. Institutional Designs for a Complex World: Bargaining, Linkages, and Nesting. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1998.
ALTER, Karen. The Promise and Perils of Theorizing International Regime Complexity in an Evolving World. The Review of International Organizations, vol. 17, p. 375-396, 2022.
ALTER, Karen; RAUSTIALA, Kal. "The Rise of International Regime Complexity." Annual Review of Law and Social Science 14(18), pp. 1-18, 2018.
ALTER, Karen. The New Terrain of International Law. Courts, Politics, Rights. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2014.
ALTER, Karen J.; MEUNIER, Sophie. The Politics of International Regime Complexity. Perspectives on Politics, vol. 7, n. 1, p. 13–24, 2009.
BUENO DE MESQUITA, Bruce; MORROW, James; SIVERSON, Randolph; SMITH, Alastair. Political Competition and Economic Growth. Journal of Democracy, vol. 12, n. 1, p. 58-72, 2001.
BUERGENTHAL, Thomas. The Evolving International Human Rights System. The American Journal of International Law, vol. 100, n. 4, pp. 783-807, 2006.
BURKE-WHITE, William; SLAUGHTER, Anne-Marie. The Future of International Law is Domestic. Harvard International Law Journal, vol. 47, n. 2, p. 327, 2006.
CAPOCCIA, Giovanni. Critical Junctures. In: The Oxford handbook on historical institutionalism. FIORETOS, F.; FALLETI, T. G.; SHEINGATE, A. (eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
CARNEIRO, Cristiane Lucena. Global Governance in a Complex World. Frontiers in Law, vol. 2, p. 10-109, 2023.
CARNEIRO, Cristiane Lucena; LUTMAR, Carmela. Compliance in International Relations. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
CARNEIRO, Cristiane Lucena; WEGMANN, Simone. Institutional Complexity in the Inter-American Human Rights System: An Investigation of the Prohibition of Torture. The International Journal of Human Rights, vol. 22, n. 9, p. 1229-1248, 2017.
DAVIS, Christina. Overlapping Institutions in Trade Policy. Perspectives on Politics, vol. 7, n. 1, p. 25-31, 2009.
DOWNS, George; JONES, Michael. Reputation, Compliance, and International Law. Journal of Legal Studies, vol. 31, (January), n. S1, 2002.
DREHER, Axel; FUCHS, Andreas; PARKS, Bradley; STRANGE, Austin; TIERNEY, Michael. Banking on Beijing. The Aims and Impacts of China’s Overseas Development Program. Cambridge University Press, 2022.
DREZNER, Daniel. The Power and Peril of International Regime Complexity. Perspectives on Politics vol. 7, n. 1, p. 65-70, 2009.
EILSTRUP-SANGIOVANNI, Mette; WESTERWINTER, Oliver. The Global Governance Complexity Cube: Varieties of Institutional Complexity in Global Governance. The Review of International Organizations, vol. 17, pp. 233-262, 2022.
FAUDE, Benjamin. Breaking gridlock: How path dependent layering enhances resilience in global trade governance. Global Policy , vol. 11, n. 4, p. 448-457, 2020.
FAUDE, Benjamin; GRÖBE-KREUL, Felix. Let’s Justify! How Regime Complexes Enhance the Normative Legitimacy of Global Governance. International Studies Quarterly, vol. 64, n. 2, p. 431-439, 2020.
GOLDSTEIN, Judith; GULOTTI, Robert. The Limits of Institutional Reform in the United States and the Global Trade Regime. In The Oxford handbook on historical institutionalism. FIORETOS, F.; FALLETI, T. G.; SHEINGATE, A. (eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
GOLDSTEIN, Judith; KAHLER, Miles; KEOHANE, Robert; SLAUGHTER, Anne-Marie. Introduction: Legalization and World Politics. International Organization, vol. 54, n. 3, pp. 385-399, 2000.
HAFNER-BURTON, Emilie. Making Human Rights a Reality. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2013.
HAFNER-BURTON, Emilie. The Power Politics of Regime Complexity: Human Rights Trade Conditionality in Europe. Perspective on Politics, vol. 7, n. 1, pp. 33-37, 2009.
HAFNER-BURTON, Emilie; TSUTSUI, Kiyoteru. Justice Lost! The Failure of International Human Rights Law To Matter Where Needed Most. Journal of Peace Research, vol. 44, n. 4, p. 407-425, 2007.
HAFNER-BURTON, Emilie; TSUTSUI, Kiyoteru. Human Rights in a Globalizing World: The Paradox of EmptyPromises. American Journal of Sociology, vol. 110, n. 5, p. 1373-411, 2005.
HAFTEL, Yoram; LENZ, Tobias. Measuring Institutional Overlap in Global Governance. The Review of International Organizations, vol. 17, pp. 323-347, 2022.
HALE, Thomas; HELD, David; YOUNG, Keven. Gridlock. Why Global Cooperation is Failing when We Need It Most. Wiley Publishers, 2013.
HALL, Peter. Introduction. In: The Oxford handbook on historical institutionalism. FIORETOS, F.; FALLETI, T. G.; SHEINGATE, A. (eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
HELFER, Laurence. Regime Shifting in the International Intellectual Property System. Perspectives on Politics, vol. 7, n. 1, p. 39-44, 2009.
HELLEINER, Eric. Incremental origins of Bretton Woods. In The Oxford handbook on historical institutionalism. FIORETOS, F.; FALLETI, T. G.; SHEINGATE, A. (eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
HILLEBRECHT, Courtney. Domestic Politics and International Human Rights Tribunals. Cambridge, M.A.: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
HILLEBRECHT, Courtney. The Domestic Mechanisms of Compliance with International Human Rights Law: Case Studies from the Inter-American Human Rights System. Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 34, n. 4, p. 959-85, 2012.
HOFFMANN, Stephanie. Overlapping Institutions in the Realm of International Security: The Case of NATO and ESDP. Perspectives on Politics, vol. 7, n. 1, p. 45-52, 2009.
KELLY, Judith. The More the Merrier? The Effects of Having Multiple International Election Monitoring Organizations. Perspectives on Politics, vol. 7, n. 1, p. 59-64, 2009.
KEOHANE, Robert; VICTOR, David. The Regime Complex for Climate Change. Perspectives on Politics, vol. 7, n. 1, p. 7-23, 2009.
KOREMENOS, Barbara. The Continent of International Law – Explaining Agreement Design. Cambridge, M.A.: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
KOREMENOS, Barbara. Contracting around International Uncertainty. American Political Science Review, vol. 99, n. 4, p. 549-565, nov. 2005.
KOREMENOS, Barbara; LIPSON, Charles; e SNIDAL, Duncan. The Rational Design of International Institutions. International Organization, vol. 55, n. 4, pp. 761-799, 2001.
KRASNER, Stephen. Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables. International Organization, vol. 36, n. 2, p. 185-205, 1982.
LAKE, David; MARTIN, Lisa; RISSE, Thomas. Challenges to the Liberal Order: Reflection on International Organization. International Organization, vol. 75, n. 2, p. 225-257, 2021.
MITCHELL, Ronald. Problem Structure, Institutional Design, and the Relative Effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements. Global Environmental Politics, vol. 6, n. 3, p. 72-89, 2006.
MITCHELL, Ronald B. Regime Design Matters: Intentional Oil Pollution and Treaty Compliance. International Organization, vol. 48, n. 3, p. 425–58, 1994.
NEUMAYER, Eric. Do International Human Rights Treaties Improve Respect for Human Rights?. Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 49, n. 6, p. 925-953, 2005.
ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DE COMÉRCIO. Trade Statistics. 2024. Disponível em: https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicMaintainRTAHome.aspx; Acesso em: 29 nov. 2024.
OSTROM, Elinor. Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems. American Economic Review, vol. 100, n. 3, p. 641-72, 2010.
OSTROM, Elinor. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
RAUSTIALA, Kal; VICTOR, David. The Regime Complex for Plant Genetic Resources. International Organization, vol. 58, n. 2, p. 277-309, 2004.
SNYDER, Jack; JERVIS, e Robert. (Eds.). Coping with Complexity in the International System. Boulder, C.O.: Westview Press, 1993.
SIMMONS, Beth. Mobilizing for human rights: international law in domestic politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
STEINBERG, Richard. The Rise and Decline of a Liberal International Order. In: SLOSS, David (ed.). Is the Liberal International Order Unraveling? Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
STEINBERG, Richard. The Impending Dejudicialization of the WTO Dispute Settlement System? ASIL Proceedings 2018, pp. 316-321, 2019.
VON STEIN, Jana. The Engines of Compliance. In: Jeffrey Dunoff and Mark Pollack, Eds. New Perspectives on International Law and International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Os editores da Conjuntura Global (ISSN 2317 – 6563) reservam-se o direito de adequar os textos submetidos ao padrão de formatação editorial da revista. Os artigos e resenhas assinados são de responsabilidade de seus autores, não expressando a opinião dos editores da Conjuntura Global.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista;
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista;
- A aprovação da produção implica automaticamente a autorização à Revista Conjuntura Global para encaminhamentos pertinentes junto às bases de dados de indexação de periódicos científicos.
