Alfabetización inadecuada y comportamiento de promoción de la salud en personas mayores
teoría de rango medio*
Palabras clave:
Alfabetización en Salud, Teoría de Enfermería, Diagnóstico de Enfermería, Promoción de la Salud, Salud del AncianoResumen
Objetivo: Desarrollar una Teoría de Rango Medio explicativa para el diagnóstico de enfermería de alfabetización en salud inadecuada.
Método: Estudio de desarrollo teórico, realizado entre 2024-2025 en seis etapas: definición del constructo, identificación de los conceptos, elaboración de un diagrama ilustrativo, formulación de proposiciones teóricas, establecimiento de las relaciones causales y presentación de evidencias prácticas para la implementación.
Resultados: Se identificaron los factores predisponentes, precipitantes, incapacitantes y reforzadores de la alfabetización en salud interrelacionados en intervenciones y resultados específicos para personas mayores. Con base en el esquema pictórico, se formularon diez proposiciones explicativas que sustentan la proposición teórica.
Conclusión: La adopción de las intervenciones propuestas puede promover la alfabetización en salud y la autonomía de las personas mayores, favoreciendo el envejecimiento saludable y sostenible.
Citas
1. World Health Organization (WHO). Health promotion glossary of terms 2021 [Internet]. Genebra: World Health Organization; 2021 [cited 2023 Dec 20]. 44 p. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240038349
2. Dinh TTH, Bonner A. Exploring the relationships between health literacy, social support, self-efficacy and self-management in adults with multiple chronic diseases. BMC Health Serv Res [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Aug 20];23:923. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09907-5
3. Alshehri AMF, Aljelwah MA, Aljelwah AAA, Alqarrash MNA, Essa AM, Alharthi MA, et al. The impact of health literacy on healthcare utilization. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Aug 20];29(4):2180-6. Available from: https://www.jptcp.com/index.php/jptcp/article/view/5309
4. Cardoso RSS, Tosin MHS, de Oliveira BGRB, Moraes KL, Santana RF. The multidimensionality of low health literacy in older adults: a scoping review of international studies. Clin Nurs Res [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Aug 20];32(2):270-7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/10547738221146461
5. Uemura K, Yamada M, Okamoto H. The effectiveness of an active learning program in promoting a healthy lifestyle among older adults with low health literacy: a randomized controlled trial. Gerontology [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Aug 20];67(1):25-35. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1159/000511357
6. Chen X, Xiao X, Huang X, Wang R, Yang J, Yang L, et al. Empowerment and quality of life: the mediating role of self-efficacy and health literacy among spousal caregivers in China. Health Promot Int [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Aug 20];38(5):daad133. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daad133
7. Marshall N, Butler M, Lambert V, Timon CM, Joyce D, Warters A. Health literacy interventions and health literacy-related outcomes for older adults: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 15];25:319. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12457-7
8. Pender NJ, Murdaugh CL, Parsons MA. Health Promotion in Nursing Practice. 7th ed. New York: Pearson; 2014, 368p.
9. Baltes PB. Theoretical propositions of life-span developmental psychology: on the dynamics between growth and decline. Dev Psychol [Internet]. 1987 [cited 2025 Aug 20];23(5):611-26. Available from: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0012-1649.23.5.611
10. Mcewen M, Wills EM. Bases Teóricas de Enfermagem. 4th ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2015. 608p.
11. Lopes MVO, da Silva VM, Herdman TH. Causation and validation of nursing diagnoses: a middle range theory. Int J Nurs Knowl [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2025 Aug 20];28(1):53-9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12104
12. Herdman TH, Kamitsuru S, Lopes CT. Diagnósticos de Enfermagem da NANDA-I: definições e classificação 2024-2026. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2024. 672p.
13. Cardoso RSS, Santana RF, Delphino TM, Brandão MAG, de Souza PA, Lopes CT. Concept analysis of "Insufficient health literacy" in older adults and refinement of a diagnosis proposal. Int J Nurs Knowl [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 15];36(2):136-46. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12469
14. Cardoso RSS, Santana RF, Lopes CT, Brandão MAG, de Souza PA, Delphino TM. Nursing diagnosis “Inadequate health literacy” in older adults: content validity. Rev Bras Enferm [Internet]. 2026 [cited 2026 Jan 3];79:e20250298. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2025-0298
15. Moorhead S, Swanson E, Johnson M. Classificação dos resultados de enfermagem (NOC). 6th. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2024. 752p.
16. Wagner CM, Butcher HK, Clarke MF. NIC - Classificação das intervenções de enfermagem. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2025. 560 p.
17. Zhang Z, Jin L, Liu J, Liao D, Zhang X. The impact of social participation on the health status of the older adult: an empirical study based on CGSS 2021 data. PLoS One [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Aug 20];19(6):e0305820. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305820
18. Remm S, Halcomb E, Hatcher D, Frost SA, Peters K. Understanding relationships between general self-efficacy and the healthy ageing of older people: an integrative review. J Clin Nurs [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Aug 20];32(9-10):1587-98. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16104
19. Yumiya Y, Goto A, Konta T. Association between health literacy and understanding of doctors' explanations: the yamagata study. Health Lit Res Pract [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Aug 20];8(3):e175-e183. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3928/24748307-20240819-03
20. Wallace LG, Bradway CK, Cacchione PZ. The relationship between sensory loss and health literacy in older adults: a systematic review. Geriatr Nurs [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Aug 20];47:1-12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.06.003
21. Liu Y, Meng H, Conner KO, Qiao M, Liu D. The influence of health literacy and social support on loneliness among patients with severe mental illness in rural southwest China. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Aug 20];12:564666. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.564666
22. Cacioppo JT, Cacioppo S, Capitanio JP, Cole SW. The neuroendocrinology of social isolation. Annu Rev Psychol [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2025 Aug 20];66:733-67. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015240
23. Lyu C, Siu K, Xu I, Osman I, Zhong J. Social isolation changes and long-term outcomes among older adults. JAMA Netw Open [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Aug 20];7(7):e2424519. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.24519
24. Cardoso RB, Caldas CP, Brandão MAG, de Souza PA, Santana RF. Healthy aging promotion model referenced in Nola Pender’s theory. Rev Bras Enferm [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Aug 20];75(1):e20200373. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0373
25. Aman Z, Liew SM, Ramdzan SN, Philp I, Khoo EM. The impact of caregiving on caregivers of older persons and its associated factors: a cross-sectional study. Singapore Med J [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2025 Aug 20];61(5):238-45. Available from: https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2019100
26. Moore RC, Hancock JT. A digital media literacy intervention for older adults improves resilience to fake news. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Aug 20];12:6008. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08437-0
27. Jang GY, Chang SJ, Noh JH. Relationships among health literacy, self-efficacy, self-management, and hba1c levels in older adults with diabetes in south korea: A cross-sectional study. J Multidiscip Healthc [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Aug 20];2024(17):409-18. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S448056
28. Roshan AG, Hosseinkhani SN, Norouzadeh R. Health literacy and self-efficacy of the elderly with diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Aug 20];22:611-7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-023-01181-w
29. Turner NR, Freitag C, Johnson I, Parsey CM, Ramirez M, Berridge C. The role of trust in older adult service provision at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Gerontol Soc Work [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Aug 20];66(6):739-62. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2022.2164821
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Rachel da Silva Serejo Cardoso, Rosimere Ferreira Santana
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Cogitare Enfermagem se reserva el derecho de realizar, en el artículo publicado, cambios de orden normativa, ortográfica y gramatical con el fin de mantener el estándar culto del idioma, respetando, sin embargo, el estilo de los autores.
El estudio publicado es de total responsabilidad del(os) autor(es), siendo exclusivamente responsabilidad de Cogitare Enfermagem la evaluación del manuscrito, en calidad de vehículo de publicación científica.
No se permitirá la adición o cambio de autoría durante la etapa de evaluación o después de la aceptación del texto presentado.
Cogitare Enfermagem no se responsabiliza por posibles violaciones a la Ley Nº 9.610/1998, Ley Brasileña de Derechos de Autor. Cogitare Enfermagem permite que el autor retenga los derechos de autor de los artículos aceptados para su publicación, sin restricciones.
