Rite as narrative: autoethnography in a local healer in Bulgaria

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5380/cra.v26i2.97369

Abstract

This article aims to reflect on the idea of rite as a narrative construction based on an autoethnography carried out with a “local curator”, a resident of a community in Bulgaria that brings together populations of Turkish, “gypsy” and Bulgarian origin. The theoretical basis of this research is based on anthropological, historical, and psychoanalytical knowledge. It was carried out through a re-reading, not an application, of the methodological apparatus developed by Ernesto de Martino regarding ritual practice as a de-historicization of subjective pain, and in the symbolic tool of the speech act and the narrative construction of suffering as developed by Michel de Certeau. In this way, the ritual comes to be understood not as a magical offer to solve problems for those who seek it, but as a joint narrative and subjective construction involving all the participants.

Author Biography

Tiago Pires, Instituto de Estudos de Etnologia e Folclore no Museu Etnográfico, Academia Búlgara de Ciências (IEFEM-BAS).

Pesquisador de pós-doutorado no Departamento de Antropologia Médica - Instituto de Estudos de Etnologia e Folclore no Museu Etnográfico, Academia Búlgara de Ciências (IEFEM-BAS), e faço parte do Projeto Leviathan, financiado pelo ERC (European Research Council) (854503-Leviathan-ERC-2019SyG).Doutor e mestre em História pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Mestre em Sociologia pelo programa interinstitucional das universidades Roma Tre, La Sapienza e Tor Vergata, Itália. 

References

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V). American Psychiatric Association.

Beneduce, R. (2019). “Madness and Despair are a Force”: Global Mental Health, and How People and Cultures Challenge the Hegemony of Western Psychiatry. Cult Med Psychiatry 43, 710–723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-019-09658-1

Beneduce, R. & Taliani, S. (eds.) (2015). Aut aut 366. Ernesto de Martino. Un’etnopsichiatria della crisi e del riscatto. Il Saggiatore, Kindle edition.

Birman, J. (2019). Genealogia do narcisismo. Instituto Langage.

Boylorn, R. M. & Orbe, M. P. (eds.) (2014). Critical Autoethnography: Intersecting Cultural Identities in Everyday Life. Left Coast Press.

De Certeau, M. (1998). Credibilidades políticas. In A invenção do cotidiano: artes de fazer. 3a edição. Editora Vozes.

De Certeau, M. (2000) The possession at Loudun. The University of Chicago Press.

De Certeau, M. (2006). La debilidad de creer. Katz.

De Certeau, M. (2011). História e psicanálise: entre ciência e ficção. Autêntica.

De Martino, E. (2008). Morte e pianto rituale. Dal lamento funebre antico al pianto di Maria. Bollati Boringhieri.

De Martino, E. (2012). Il mondo magico. Prolegomeni a una storia del magismo. Bollati, Boringhieri.

De Martino, E. (2013). La terra del rimorso. Il Saggiatore.

Devereux, G. (1981). A etnopsiquiatria. Análise Psicológica, 4(1), 521-525.

Freud, S. (2011). A perda da realidade na neurose e na psicose. In Freud, S. Sigmund Freud – Obras Completas (vol. 16, pp. 214-221). Companhia das Letras.

Freud, S. (2011). Obras completas volume 16: O Eu e o Id," Autobiografia" e outros textos (Vol. 16). Companhia das Letras.

Gasbarro, N. (2003). Nós e o Islã. Uma compatibilidade Possível? Novos Estudos CEBRAP, Nº 67, novembro.

Gasbarro, N. (2006). Missões: a civilização cristã em ação. In Montero, P. (ed.). Deus na Aldeia: missionários, índios e mediação cultural. Globo.

Lévi-Strauss, C. (1963). Structural Anthropology. Basic Books.

Lim, A., Hoek, H. W., Ghane, S., Deen, M., & Blom, J. D. (2018). The Attribution of Mental Health Problems to Jinn: An Explorative Study in a Transcultural Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 330547. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00089

Massenzio, M. (2005). A História das Religiões na Cultura Moderna. Hedra.

Méndez, M. (2013). Autoethnography as a research method: Advantages, limitations and criticisms. Colomb. Appl. Linguist. J., June-December, Vol.15, n 2, 279-287. https://doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.calj.2013.2.a09

Neuburger, M., & Hanzel, A. (2025). Mediums, Media, and Mediated “Post”-Truth: Baba Vanga in the Russian Imagination. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 67(1), 197–222. https://doi:10.1017/S0010417524000264

Pires, T. (2019). Exorcism and possession in contemporary Italy: a historical-anthropological analysis. Diacronie. Studi di Storia Contemporanea, v.2, 1 - 25. https://doi.org/10.4000/diacronie.11489

Pires, T. (2020). A Brazilian Exorcist at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century: The Supernatural as an Empowerment Strategy. In Giordan, G.; Possamai, A (eds). The Social Scientific Study of Exorcism in Christianity. Popular Culture, Religion and Society. Springer International Publishing, 53-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43173-0_4

Pires, T. (2020a). O projeto teológico-político de retomada do exorcismo na Itália (1980-2013). Tese [Tese de Doutorado em História, Universidade Estadual de Campinas]. Repositório Digital da Unicamp. https://doi.org/10.47749/T/UNICAMP.2020.1129296

Pires, T. (2020b). Os perigos do outro: minorias religiosas e resistência tridentina dos exorcistas italianos. Religião & Sociedade, v.40, 179 - 202.

Pires, T. (2024). Ethnopsychiatry of the Devil: Demonic Possession as a Cultural Language for Subjective Suffering in Contemporary Italy. Cultural Analysis, 22 (1), 1–22.

Pires, T. (2025). Anthropology and psychoanalysis in Ernesto de Martino’s ethnopsychiatry. Balkanistic Worlds 1(3), 37-58.

Pires, T. (2026). Ernesto de Martino e as bases epistemológicas da etnopsiquiatria italiana. Ciências Sociais em Revista (no prelo).

Pompa, C. (2022). Ernesto De Martino e o percurso italiano da antropologia. Horizontes Antropológicos, 28(62), 317–349. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-71832022000100010

Risso, M. & Böker, W. (2000). Sortilegio e delirio. Psicopatologia delle migrazioni in prospettiva transculturale. Liguori Editore.

Ruegg, F. (2013). Shamanism among the Gypsies of Southeastern Europe. In Zarcone, Thierry & Hobart, Angela (eds) (2013). Shamanism and Islam: Sufism, Healing Rituals and Spirits in the Muslim World. I.B.Tauris.

Sharankov, E. (1980). Feuergehen: Psychologisch-physiologische und historisch-geographische Untersuchung des Nestinarentums in Bulgarien. Hippokrates Verlag.

Valtchinova, G. (2009). Between Ordinary Pain and Extraordinary Knowledge: The Seer Vanga in the Everyday Life of Bulgarians during Socialism (1960s-1970s). Aspasia, 3(1), 106-130. https://doi.org/10.3167/asp.2009.030106

Vidinova, M. B. (2017). Kalushar and Rusali ritual complexes: psychological and anthropological analysis. [PhD Dissertation in Ethnography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences]. Repository of BAS-IEFEM.

Zarcone, T. & Hobart, A. (eds) (2013). Shamanism and Islam: Sufism, Healing Rituals and Spirits in the Muslim World. I.B.Tauris.

Published

2026-06-03

How to Cite

Pires, T. (2026). Rite as narrative: autoethnography in a local healer in Bulgaria. Campos - Revista De Antropologia, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.5380/cra.v26i2.97369

Issue

Section

Artigos