Carvacrol e Timol no Controle de Rhipicephalus microplus: Mecanismos de Ação e Aplicações - Uma Revisão Narrativa

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v31i2.102179

Palavras-chave:

carrapato; bovino doméstico; acaricida; óleos essenciais; controle alternativo

Resumo

Rhipicephalus microplus causa perdas anuais estimadas em dezenas de bilhões de dólares à pecuária global. O controle com acaricidas sintéticos enfrenta uma crise estrutural devido à resistência generalizada, sustentada por mutações em sítios-alvo e pela superexpressão de enzimas detoxificantes. Nesse contexto, os monoterpenos fenólicos carvacrol e timol emergem como candidatos promissores, especialmente por sua capacidade de atuar sobre múltiplos alvos biológicos - característica que pode contornar mecanismos clássicos de resistência. Esta revisão narrativa, baseada em busca estruturada nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar e SciELO (2011-2026), identificou 85 estudos, dos quais 37 compuseram a análise principal da discussão mecanística. Desses, apenas oito estudos utilizaram compostos isolados e investigaram diretamente mecanismos celulares em R. microplus; os demais basearam-se em óleos essenciais complexos, em outras espécies de artrópodes ou apenas em desfechos de eficácia. A análise revela que a eficácia acaricida é multimodal: inibição da acetilcolinesterase, modulação de receptores GABAA e antagonismo de receptores de tiramina (TAR1), associados à indução de estresse oxidativo com supressão subsequente de enzimas antioxidantes (SOD, CAT, GPX e GST), resultando em peroxidação lipídica, disfunção mitocondrial e depleção de ATP. No contexto específico do carrapato, esses efeitos são amplificados pela interferência no metabolismo do heme, que catalisa reações de Fenton e estabelece um ciclo de dano oxidativo. A literatura apresenta fragilidades importantes: predominância de estudos com óleos essenciais complexos em detrimento de compostos isolados, variações metodológicas que limitam a comparabilidade entre estudos e ausência de validação integrada em nível de organismo. O avanço da área depende da consolidação de evidências mecanísticas com compostos isolados, da padronização metodológica e da integração entre abordagens fenotípicas, bioquímicas e ômicas.

Biografia do Autor

Drª Erika Takagi Nunes, Universidade Federal do Espírito

Possui graduação em Ciências Biológicas pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (2003) e mestrado e doutorado em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP- Rio Claro). Atualmente é professora associada da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). Tem experiência na área de Morfologia, com ênfase em Histologia e Biologia celular, atuando nos seguintes temas: histologia, histoquímica, ultraestrutura de invertebrados, com ênfase em Artropoda (decápodes e carrapatos de importância médico-veterinária).

Mr. Leonardo, Universidade Federal de Viçosa

Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), com atuação no Laboratório de Anatomia Animal e no Museu de História Natural do Sul do Estado do Espírito Santo (MUSES). Atualmente, é mestrando em Biologia Animal pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) e integrante do Laboratório de Mastozoologia do Museu de Zoologia João Moojen (MZUFV). Possui experiência nas áreas de Zoologia, com ênfase em Comportamento Animal, e em Anatomia e Morfologia Animal, com foco em morfometria óssea. Além disso, atua em Mastozoologia e Taxidermia Científica. 

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2026-06-13

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Ramos Santos, T., Takagi Nunes, E., & Nali de Angelo, L. (2026). Carvacrol e Timol no Controle de Rhipicephalus microplus: Mecanismos de Ação e Aplicações - Uma Revisão Narrativa. Archives of Veterinary Science, 31(2). https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v31i2.102179

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v. 31 n. 2 (2026): Três Décadas de Ciência: A Vanguarda da Archives of Veterinary Science

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Artigos de revisão

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