DROUGHT EVENTS, SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL IN THE BRAZILIAN PANTANAL

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5380/raega.v63i2.99705

Resumo

The Brazilian Pantanal is home to a rich biodiversity, regulating the hydrological cycle and providing inputs for the local economy. Spatial and temporal variation in precipitation influences the ecological dynamics of the biome, and drought, aggravated by decreased rainfall, impacts water resources and biodiversity. In this context, the objective of this work is to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall and drought in the Brazilian Pantanal, between 1994 and 2023. Precipitation variability and the incidence of hydrological droughts in the Pantanal were estimated using ERA5-Land (?) data from 1994 to 2023, with global coverage and 9 km resolution. These data are continuous and without gaps, providing a complete global series for analysis. The standardized precipitation index (SPI) was used to monitor droughts, with negative values indicating water insufficiency and positive values indicating water surplus. In this study, SPI-3 and SPI-12 were quantified, used to monitor droughts considering 3 and 12 accumulated months, providing an analysis without space-time gaps, with observations in short and long periods. Annual precipitation in the Pantanal varied between less than 1000 mm and more than 2500 mm, with higher accumulations before the year 2000 and a reduction afterwards, especially in the last five years (2019-2023). The period from 1994 to 2001 had uniform rainfall of 1500 to 2500 mm, while subsequent years, such as 2002 and 2004, presented greater variations. The SPI identified different periods of precipitation anomalies, for SPI-3, the years with the greatest droughts, in terms of severity, intensity and duration, were 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2023. SPI-12 revealed alternating periods of drought and humidity in the last 30 years, with an increase in the frequency of dry events in recent years, indicating a downward trend.

Biografia do Autor

Moisés Damasceno Souza, Universidade do Esatado de Mato Grosso

Agricultural Engineer graduated from the Federal University of Acre – Floresta Campus (UFAC). Holds a Master’s degree in Environment and Agricultural Production Systems from the State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT). Currently a Ph.D. candidate in Environmental Sciences at UNEMAT. Participates in the research groups Center for Biosystems Engineering Studies in the Amazon (CEBAMS) and the Technological Center for Geoprocessing and Remote Sensing Applied to Biodiesel Production (CETEGEO-SR). Works in the fields of Climate Variability, Remote Sensing, Modeling of Agricultural and Ecological Systems, Drought Monitoring, and Watershed Management. Experienced in advanced techniques using software such as RStudio, Google Earth Engine, QGIS, and the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT).

Rivanildo Dallacort, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso

Researcher and CNPq productivity scholarship holder; Professor in the Doctoral Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity – Rede Pró Centro Oeste; Professor in the Master's Program in Environment and Agricultural Production Systems (PPGASP); Professor in the Master's Program in Amazonian Biodiversity and Agroecosystems (PPGBioAgro); Professor in the Agronomy course at UNEMAT. Works at INEP/MEC as an evaluator of undergraduate courses and higher education institutions. Active in the field of Agricultural Engineering, with a focus on the following topics: Agrometeorology, Water Resources, Modeling, Environment, Geoprocessing, and Remote Sensing.

Dionei José Da Silva, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso

Holds a Licentiate and Bachelor's degree in Biological Sciences from the Catholic University of Goiás (1993), a Master’s degree (2000) and a Ph.D. (2005) in Tropical Biology and Natural Resources with a concentration in Ecology from the National Institute of Amazonian Research. Currently an Associate Professor at the State University of Mato Grosso, working in the undergraduate Biological Sciences program and the Stricto Sensu Graduate Program (master’s and doctoral) in Environmental Sciences at the Jani Vanini University Campus in Cáceres-MT, as well as in the Master’s Program in Environment and Agricultural Production Systems at the Tangará da Serra University Campus. He has also served as a Course and Institutional Evaluator for the National Higher Education Assessment System (SINAES - INEP) of the Ministry of Education; Coordinator of the Center for Agro-Environmental Research, Studies and Development (CPEDA) and the Center for Limnology, Biodiversity, and Ethnobiology Research of the Pantanal (CELBE) at UNEMAT; and held positions as Vice-Rector and Rector of the State University of Mato Grosso. He is an Emeritus Professor of the State University of Mato Grosso. Has experience in Ecology and Conservation, with an emphasis on Animal Ecology, working mainly on animal ecology, habitat fragmentation, and herpetology. Active in socio-environmental impact studies and university management.

Vanessa Rakel de Moraes Dias, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso

Holds a Ph.D. (2017) and a Master’s degree (2011) in Environmental Physics from the Federal University of Mato Grosso, and a degree in Chemistry from the State University of Western Paraná (2004). Currently serves as a trainer professor and university analyst at the State University of Mato Grosso, assigned to the Center for Geoprocessing and Remote Sensing. Has experience in Environmental Sciences, Biosphere-Atmosphere Interaction, and Digital Technologies in Education.

Sandra Mara Alves da Silva Neves, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso

Holds both a Licentiate and Bachelor's degree in Geography from the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (1993), a Master’s degree in Geography from São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho (1999) with a concentration in Environmental Planning, and a Ph.D. in Sciences (Geography) from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (2006), specializing in Environmental Management and Planning. Completed postdoctoral research projects in Geography at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (2016) and in Landscape Ecology at Complutense University of Madrid (2017). Currently an Associate Professor at the State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), based at the Jane Vanini Campus in Cáceres/MT, and a permanent faculty member in the Stricto Sensu Graduate Programs in Geography and Environmental Sciences at UNEMAT, both located in Cáceres/MT. Her main areas of expertise include geotechnologies applied to detecting changes in vegetation cover and land use, environmental planning, and landscape studies.

Gabriela Custodio Oliveira, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso

Completed secondary education at the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Mato Grosso (2021). Currently a scientific initiation scholarship holder at the State University of Mato Grosso. Has experience in the field of Agronomy.

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Publicado

2025-08-20

Como Citar

Souza, M. D., Dallacort, R., Silva, D. J. D., Dias, V. R. de M., Neves, S. M. A. da S., & Oliveira, G. C. (2025). DROUGHT EVENTS, SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL IN THE BRAZILIAN PANTANAL. Ra’e Ga: O Espaço Geográfico Em Análise, 63(2), 136–154. https://doi.org/10.5380/raega.v63i2.99705

Edição

v. 63 n. 2 (2025): VIII - Geopantanal

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