Access to justice for persons with disabilities: human rights and the social model of procedure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/rfdufpr.v68i2.85914Keywords:
Access to justice. Persons with disabilities. Social model.Abstract
This article discusses the impacts of the social model of disability on access to justice. Question: — Is there a social model in civil justice for persons with disabilities? Documentary research by national and foreign authors who explain the transition from the medical model to the social model of disability and its impact on access to justice for persons with disabilities was used as a methodology, in addition to scientific works and international documents focused on human rights that indicate good practices and concrete examples of this impact on the process. To this end, the study begins by identifying the differences between the medical model and the social model of disability. It then proposes Article 13 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities as an international standard for this social model. In the end, the work presents the expected barriers for this social model in civil justice, especially with regard to legal capacity, and suggests “procedural adaptations” as an important accessibility tool in civil justice. The article suggests that the idea of an “inclusive due process of law” needs to be adopted, as procedural rules need to be adapted to persons with disabilities; it also suggests that the customization of these adaptations does not constitute a “favor” to or a “persecution” against persons with disabilities.
References
ARAOZ, Inés de. Acceso a la justicia: ajustes de procedimiento para personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo. Madri: Plena Inclusión, 2018.
BARBOSA-FOHRMANN, Ana Paula. Do modelo médico ao modelo intermediário: uma reflexão teórico-prática sobre a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência. In: BARBOSA-FOHRMANN, Ana Paula; VIVAS-TESÓN, Inmaculada (org.). Cruzando fronteiras: perspectivas transnacionais e interdisciplinares dos estudos de deficiência. Porto Alegre: Fi, 2020. p. 23-43.
BARBOSA-FOHRMANN, Ana Paula. Os modelos médico e social de deficiência a partir dos significados de segregação e inclusão nos discursos de Michel Foucault e de Martha Nussbaum. Revista Estudos Institucionais, [s. l.], v. 2, n. 2, 2016.
BARBOSA-FOHRMANN, Ana Paula; ARAÚJO, Luana Adriano. Acesso à justiça para pessoas com deficiências psicossociais: as vias do reconhecimento e da distribuição. In: BARBOSA-FOHRMANN, Ana Paula et al. (coord.). Autonomia, dignidade e deficiência. Porto Alegre: Fi, 2021. p. 432-469.
BEQIRAJ, Julinda; MCNAMARA, Lawrence; WICKS, Victoria. Access to justice for persons with disabilities: from international principles to practice. Londres: International Bar Association, 2017.
CAMPBELL, Fiona Kumari. Refusing able(ness): a preliminary conversation about ableism. M/C Journal, [s. l.], v. 11, n. 3, 2008.
CANGUILHEM, Georges. The normal and the pathological. Nova York: Zone Books, 1991.
CEDERBORG, A. C.; LAMB, M. Interviewing alleged victims with intellectual disability. Journal of intellectual disability research, [s. l.], v. 52, n. 1, p. 49-58, 2008.
CHATZOPOULOU, Anastasia. The dilemma in the deaf community: linguistic minority or persons with disability. [Nicosia]: University of Cyprus, 2014.
COMITÊ DOS DIREITOS DA CRIANÇA (CRC). General comment n. 12 (2009): the right of the child to be heard. Genebra: CRC, 2009.
COMITÊ DOS DIREITOS DAS PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA (CRPD). General comment n. 1 (2014): article 12: equal recognition before the law. Genebra: CDPcD, 2014.
COMITÊ DOS DIREITOS DAS PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA (CRPD). Principios y directrices internacionales sobre el acceso a la justicia para las personas con discapacidad. Genebra: CDPcD, 2020.
CONTRERAS, María José; SILVA, Eva A.; MANZANERO, Antonio L. Evaluación de capacidades para testificar en víctimas con discapacidad intelectual. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, Madrid, v. 25, p. 87-96, 2015.
CORTE EUROPEIA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS (CEDH). Caso Nikolyan vs. Armênia. Petição 74438/14. Julgado em 3 de janeiro de 2020.
CORTE EUROPEIA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS (CEDH). Caso Shtukaturov vs. Rússia. Petição 44009/05. Julgado em 27 de junho de 2008.
CORTE EUROPEIA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS (CEDH). Caso Stanev vs. Bulgária. Petição 36760/06. Julgado em 17 de janeiro de 2012.
CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS (Corte IDH). Caso Furlán e Familiares vs. Argentina. Exceções preliminares, Mérito, Reparações e Custas. Sentença de 31 de agosto de 2012. Série C, número 246.
CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS (Corte IDH). Caso Gonzales Lluy e Outros vs. Equador. Exceções preliminares, Mérito, Reparações e Custas. Sentença de 1 de setembro de 2015. Série C, número 298.
COSTA, Flávia Albaine Farias da. O conceito de pessoa com deficiência e a proposta de um diálogo de cortes: análise do seu significado na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e na jurisprudência dos tribunais superiores brasileiros. Teoria jurídica contemporânea, [s. l.], v. 1, n. 5, p. 61-86, 2020.
DINIZ, Debora. O que é deficiência. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 2007.
DINIZ, Debora; BARBOSA, Lívia; SANTOS, Wederson Rufino dos. Deficiência, direitos humanos e justiça. SUR: Revista Internacional de Direitos Humanos, [s. l.], v. 6, n. 11, p. 65-77, 2009.
DINIZ, Maria Helena. Influência da Lei n. 13.146/2015 na teoria das incapacidades do direito civil brasileiro. Revista Jurídica Luso-Brasileira, Lisboa, n. 5, p. 981-1.014, 2016.
ESCRITÓRIO DO ALTO COMISSARIADO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS PARA OS DIREITOS HUMANOS (ACNUDH). A/HRC/37/25: Derecho de acceso a la justicia en virtud del artículo 13 de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad - Informe de la Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos. Naciones Unidas, 2017.
EXPÓSITO, Gabriela. A capacidade processual da pessoa com deficiência intelectual. Salvador: JusPodivm, 2019.
FLYNN, Eilionóir. Disability, Deprivation of Liberty and Human Rights Norms: Reconciling European and International Approaches. International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law, [s. l.], n. 22, p. 75-101, 2016a.
FLYNN, Eilionóir. Disabled justice? Access to justice and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Nova York: Routledge, 2016b.
FLYNN, Eilionóir. Making human rights meaningful for people with disabilities: advocacy, access to justice and equality before the law. The International Journal of Human Rights, [s. l.], v. 4, n. 17, p. 491-510, 2013.
GABURRI, Fernando. Capacidade e tomada de decisão apoiada: implicações do Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência no Direito Civil. Direito e Desenvolvimento, [s. l.], v. 7, n. 13, p. 118-135, 2016.
GARCÍA, Rafael de Lorenzo. El derecho fundamental de acceso a la justicia: barreras que menoscaban su ejercicio a las personas con discapacidad. Anales de Derecho y Discapacidad, [s. l.], v. 4, p. 11-31, 2019.
GAW, Albert C. The development of the legal status of the deaf: a comparative study of the rights and responsibilities of deaf-mutes in the laws of Rome, France, England and America - II. American Annals of the Deaf, [s. l.], v. 51, n. 5, p. 401-423, 1906.
GIBSON, Frances. Article 13 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: a right to legal aid? Australian Journal of Human Rights, [s. l.], v. 15, n. 2, 2010.
HENRY, L. et al. Perceived credibility and eyewitness testimony of children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, [s. l.], v. 55, n. 4, p. 385-391, 2011.
KEBBELL, Mark R.; HATTON, Christopher; JOHNSON, Shane D. Witnesses with intellectual disabilities in court: what questions are asked and what influence do they have? Legal and Criminological Psychology, [s. l.], v. 9, n. 1, p. 23-35, 2004.
LANE, Harlan. Constructions of deafness. Disability & Society, [s. l.], v. 10, n. 2, 1995.
LARSON, David Allen. Access to justice for person with disabilities: an emerging strategy. Laws, [s. l.], n. 3, p. 220-238, 2014.
LAWSON, Anna. Disabled people and access to justice: from disablement to enablement? In: BLANCK, Peter; FLYNN, Eilionóir (coord.). Routledge Handbook of Disability Law and Human Rights. Londres: Routledge, 2017.
LINTON, Simi. Claiming disability: knowledge and identity. Nova York: New York University Press, 1998.
MARINONI, Luiz Guilherme; ARENHART, Sérgio Cruz; MITIDIERO, Daniel. Novo Código de Processo Civil comentado. São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais, 2015.
MARTÍN, Mario Toboso. Afrontando el capacitismo desde la diversidad funcional. Dilemata (Revista Internacional de Éticas Aplicadas), [s. l.], n. 36, p. 69-85, 2021.
MILNE, Becky; BULL, Ray. Interviewing victims of crime, including children and people with intellectual disabilities. In: KEBBELL, Mark R.; DAVIES, Graham M. (coord.). Practical Psychology for Forensic Investigations and Prosecutions. West Sussex: Wiley, 2006. p. 7-24.
NUSSBAUM, Martha C. Las fronteras de la justicia: consideraciones sobre la exclusión. Barcelona: Paidós, 2007.
ORTOLEVA, Stephanie. Inaccessible justice: human rights, persons with disabilities and the legal system. ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, [s. l.], v. 17, n. 2, p. 281-320, 2010.
PALACIOS, Agustina. El modelo social de discapacidad: orígenes, caracterización y plasmación en la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad. Madri: Cinca, 2008.
PERLIN, Michael L. A prescription for dignity: rethinking criminal justice and mental disability law. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, 2013.
PERLIN, Michael L. The hidden prejudice: mental disability on trial. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2000.
PRAVDA, Douglas M. Understanding the rights of deaf and hard of hearing individuals to meaningful participation in court proceedings. Valparaiso University Law Review, [s. l.], v. 45, n. 3, 2011.
RECIO ZAPATA, María; ALEMANY CARRASCO, Alberto; MANZANERO, Antonio L. La figura del facilitador en la investigación policial y judicial con víctimas con discapacidad intelectual. Revista Española sobre Discapacidad intelectual, [s. l.], v. 43, n. 3, p. 54-68, 2012.
ROIG, Rafael de Asís. Sobre el significado de los ajustes de procedimiento. In: BARBOSA-FOHRMANN, Ana Paula et al. (coord.). Cruzando fronteiras: perspectivas transnacionais e interdisciplinares dos estudos de deficiência. Porto Alegre: Fi, 2020.
SANTOS, Wederson Rufino dos; DINIZ, Debora; PEREIRA, Natália. Deficiência e perícia médica: os contornos do corpo. RECIIS: Revista Eletrônica de Comunicação, Informação & Inovação em Saúde, [s. l.], v. 3, n. 2, p. 16-23, 2009.
SWIFT, Paul et al. What happens when people with learning disabilities need advice about the law? Bristol: University of Bristol, 2013.
UNITED STATES. Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. McDonough 457 Mass. 512, 2010.
UNITED STATES. Supreme Court of the United States. Tennessee v. Lane. 541 US 509, 2004.
UNITED STATES. United States District Court: South District Indiana. Prakel v. Indiana. 4:12-cv-45-SEB-WGH, 2015.
WALTER-BRICE, Alison et al. What do women with learning disabilities say about their experiences of domestic abuse within the context of their intimate partner relationships? Disability & Society, [s. l.], v. 27, n. 4, p. 503-517, 2012.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in the Journal agree to the following terms:
– Authors retain copyright and grant the Journal the right of first publication, with the work licensed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence, allowing the work to be shared as long as proper credit is given to the authors and the initial publication in the Journal is acknowledged;
– Reusers must provide appropriate credit, include a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses the reuser or their use;
– Reusers may not apply additional restrictions, legal terms, or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits;
– Reusers must attribute credit to the creator and allow others to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, exclusively for noncommercial purposes and under the same terms, in compliance with Brazilian Law No. 9,610 of February 19, 1998, and other applicable regulations.
