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Cidadania negada: a falta de direitos políticos das mulheres e a metamorfose constitucional do princípio da igualdade

Matteo Frau

Resumo


Este ensaio explora a evolução constitucional da cidadania das mulheres e começa com a definição de cidadania de Aristóteles na Grécia Antiga, a fim de enfatizar a persistente falta de participação das mulheres em funções governamentais e cargos públicos. Em seguida, analisa-se a negação sistemática dos direitos políticos às mulheres, uma questão generalizada ao longo da história do constitucionalismo que perpetuou o princípio do patriarcado político. A exclusão das mulheres da política era percebida não apenas como uma violação da igualdade política, mas sim como um reflexo constitucional da sua natureza distinta. Contudo, ocorreu uma mudança significativa no século XX, marcada pelas transformações constitucionais nas democracias ocidentais, com o objetivo de desmantelar os direitos políticos centrados nos homens, em um processo contínuo que levou a uma redefinição do princípio da igualdade dentro dos quadros constitucionais. Argumenta-se, neste ensaio, que a justiça, e não a mera igualdade, é a força motriz por trás das mudanças constitucionais que moldam a cidadania das mulheres na era moderna.

Palavras-chave


Cidadania. Princípio da igualdade. Discriminação de gênero. Direitos políticos. Constitucionalismo.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rfdufpr.v69i1.95225