Mecanismos de triagem de investimentos e seus potenciais impactos sobre o regime internacional de transferência de tecnologia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/rfdufpr.v70i2.94126Palavras-chave:
Mecanismos de triagem de investimentos, Segurança nacional, Transferência de tecnologiaResumo
Este artigo analisa a proliferação dos mecanismos de triagem de investimentos estrangeiros (ISMs, na sigla em inglês) desde 2016, com atenção particular às suas implicações para a transferência internacional de tecnologia. O estudo baseia-se em uma revisão sistemática de literatura, complementada pela análise de casos de países que implementaram ISMs, considerando suas políticas, estratégias e impactos observados. A abordagem metodológica privilegia a identificação de padrões e tendências, valendo-se de análise comparativa para evidenciar diferenças entre contextos nacionais. Reconhece-se a limitação decorrente da disponibilidade restrita de dados sobre a aplicação e os resultados dos ISMs em determinados países. Os achados sugerem que a difusão desses mecanismos pode representar uma mudança significativa no regime internacional de transferência de tecnologia. Predominantemente adotados por economias desenvolvidas, os ISMs visam proteger tecnologias avançadas, o que pode restringir o acesso de países em desenvolvimento. O fortalecimento da segurança nacional como justificativa revela a crescente preocupação em resguardar vantagens tecnológicas estratégicas. A originalidade deste estudo reside em sua avaliação abrangente dos ISMs e de suas consequências específicas para a transferência de tecnologia. Ao mapear as forças motrizes por trás de sua expansão, o artigo contribui para a compreensão das transformações atuais na dinâmica global da inovação e da segurança tecnológica. Sugere-se que pesquisas futuras incluam análises empíricas aprofundadas sobre os efeitos dos ISMs nos fluxos de capital, exame das reações dos países em desenvolvimento e avaliação do papel da cooperação internacional no enfrentamento de desafios tecnológicos comuns.
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