Botulism in wild birds and association with water quality at the Pelican Harbor Seabird Station, Miami, Florida.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v29i2.94201Palavras-chave:
Avian botulism, Clostridium botulinum, Birds, Water quality.Resumo
Botulism avian is a disease of great importance in public and animal health, being the most common cause of death in wild birds worldwide, mainly affecting aquatic and shore birds. In October 2022, a significant increase in clinical cases of avian botulism was identified at the Pelican Harbor Seabird Station, in Miami, Florida. The objective of the present study was to analyze report cases of avian botulism and its association with water quality. Between June and October, 130 animals with a presumptive clinical diagnosis of botulism were received at the wildlife center. The clinical histories were obtained, which were systematized in a database to perform descriptive analyses and estimate prevalence, lethality, and mortality indicators. The association of the presence of botulism and water quality was carried out using Spearman coefficients for non-parametric data and risk analysis with calculation of X 2 and OR. Calculations were performed in SPSS software. The results showed that the prevalence of avian botulism was 20.7% in the period, with the mortality varying between 9% to 19% and lethality between 54% to 90%. The most affected species were Eudocimus albus and Leucophaeus atricilla, the main clinical signs observed were limb paralysis in 92% of the cases. An association was found bewteen a disease and combined quality variables and nitrogen. A possible association between the disease and water is identified, however, more studies are needed to determine the influence of water and measures to preserve the fauna.
Referências
Ankerberg JrCW. Pelican deaths in the vicinity of a sewage lift station a bacteriological investigation. Microbios Lett., 101; 33-42. 1984. ISSN 0307-5494.
Anza I, Vida D, Feliu J, Crespo E, Mateo R. Differences in the Vulnerability of Waterbird Species to Botulism Outbreaks in Mediterranean Wetlands: an Assessment of Ecological and Physiological Factors. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 82:(10);3092–3099,2016. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00119-16
Anza I, Vidal D, Laguna C, Díaz-Sánchez S, Sánchez S, Chicote A, Florín M, Mateo R. Eutrophication and bacterial pathogens as risk factors for avian botulism outbreaks in wetlands receiving effluents from urban wastewater treatment plants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 80;4251-4259, 2014.
Babinszky G, Csitari G, Jozsa S. Observations on environmental factors in connection with avian botulism outbreaks in a Hungarian wetland habitat. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung., 55:(4);455-464, 2008.
Fish kill in biscayne bay: a report BBSC. 2022 https://www.miamiwaterkeeper.org/october_2022_fish_kill
Brandis KJ, Spencer J, Wolfenden B, Palmer DA. Avian-botulism risk in waterbird breeding colonies and implications for environmental water management. Mar. Freshw. Res., 71:(2);179-190, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF18446
Brand LE. The transport of terrestrial nutrients to South Florida coastal waters. In TheEverglades, Florida Bay, and Coral Reefs of the Florida Keys, eds. J.W. Porter and K.G.Porter, 2001; 361-414. Boca Raton FL: CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420039412
Briceño HO, Boyer JN, Harlem P. Ecological Impacts on Biscayne Bay and Biscayne National Park from Proposed SouthMiami-Dade County Development, and Derivation of Numeric Nutrient Criteria for South Florida Estuaries and Coastal Waters. FIU. 2011 http://serc.fiu.edu/wqmnetwork/BNP/Final%20Report%20BNP.pdf
Chipault JG, White CL, Blehert SD, Jennings SK, Strom SM. Avian botulism type E in waterbirds of Lake Michigan. J. Great Lakes Res., 41:2; 659-664, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.021
Circella E, Camarda A, Bano L, Marzano G, Lombardi R, D´Onghia F, Greco G. Botulism in Wild Birds and Changes in Environmental Habitat: A Relationship to be Considered. Animals., 9;(12); 1034, 2019. doi: 10.3390/ani9121034.
Coffield JA, Wechel DD. Botulinum neurotoxin. In R. C. Gupta (Ed.) Veterinary toxicology. Oxford, UK: Elsevier; 2007. p. 755-767.
Degernes LA. Waterfowl toxicology: A review. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice., 11:(2):283-300, 2008.
Docherty DE, Franson JC, Brannian RE, Long RR, Radi CA, Krueger D, Johnson RF. Avian botulism and avian chlamydiosis in wild water birds, Benton Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Montana, USA. J. Zoo Wildl. Med., 43:(4): 885-888, 2012. DOI: 10.1638/2011-0200R1.1
Duff P, Neale S, Cromie R, Kerr M, Irvine R. Suspected avian botulism outbreaks in wild waterbirds. Vet Rec., 181:(7);179-180, 2016. DOI: 10.1136/vr.i4173
Declining Water Quality is Threatening the Health of Biscayne Bay and our Economy. FIU. 2020. https://environment.fiu.edu/
Forrester DJ, Wenner KC, White FH, Greiner EC, Marion RW, Thul JE, Berkhoff GA. An epizootic of avian botulism in a phosphate mine settling pond in northern Florida. J. Wildl. Dis., 16:(3); 323–327, 1980. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-16.3.323
Hatheway CL. Botulism: the present status of the disease. Clostridial neurotoxins: The molecular pathogenesis of Tetanus and Botulism, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol., 195;55-75, 1995. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-85173-5_3
Heredia AM. How to face the Botulinum Neurotoxin in Wild Birds. Psycho. Latina., 205-207, 2018. ISSN 2171-6609. ISSN 2171-6609 29-2019-02-15-Heredia Salis.pdf (ucm.es)
Hidalgo H, Montecino FD. Botulismo en aves acuáticas silvestres. Tecnovet., 14:(3);16-21 2008. https://revistas.uchile.cl/index.php/RT/article/view/15917
Hobmaier M. Conditions and control of botulism (duck disease) in waterfowl. California Fish and Game., 18:5-21. 1982
Long ER, Winger PV, Maruya KA, Otero L, Seal T. Chemical contamination and toxicity in freshwater sediments of Miami-Dade County Canals. Estuaries., 25:(4);622-637, 2005. DOI:10.1007/BF02804895
Murray CG, Hamilton AJ. Perspectives on wastewater treatment wetlands and waterbird conservation. J. Appl. Ecol., 47:5;976–985, 2010. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01853.x
Newman SH, Chmura A, Converse K, Kilpatrick AM, Patel N, Lammers E, Daszak P. Aquatic bird disease and mortality as an indicator of changing ecosystem health. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 352;299–309, 2007. DOI:10.3354/meps07076
Pérez H, Rubio C, Pozuelo MR, Revert C, Hardisson A. Botulismo y toxina botulínica. Rev. de Toxicol., 20:(1);8-12, 2003. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=91920102
Rasetti-Escargueil C, Lemichez E, Popoff MR. Variability of botulinum toxins: Challenges and opportunities for the future. Toxins., 10:(9);374, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10090374
Rocke TE. The global importance of avian botulism. In Boere GC, Galbraith CA, and Stroud DA (ed), Waterbirds around the world. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. 2006 p 422–426.
Rocke TE, Samuel MD. Water and sediment characteristics associated with avian botulism outbreaks in wetlands. J. Wildl. Manag., 1249-1260, 1999. https://doi.org/10.2307/3802842
Shin NR, Byun SH, Chun JH, Shin JH, Kim YJ, Kim JH, Rhie GE, Chung HM, Mo IP, Yoo CK. An outbreak of type C botulism in waterbirds: Incheon, Korea. J Wildl Dis., 46:(3);912-7, 2010. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-46.3.912.
Skarin H, Lindberg A, Blomqvist G, Aspan A, Baverud V. Molecular characterization and comparison of Clostridium botulinum type C avian strains. Avian Pathol., 39; 511–518, 2010. DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2010.526923
Sonne C, Alstrup AKO, Therkildsen OR. A review of the factors causing paralysis in wild birds: Implications for the paralytic syndrome observed in the Baltic Sea. Sci. Total Environ., 416; 32-39, 2012. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.023
Son K, Kim YK, Woo C, Wang SJ, Kim Y. Oem JK, Jheong W, Jeong J. Minimizing an outbreak of avian botulism (Clostridium botulinum type C) in Incheon, South Korea. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 80:(3); 553–556, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.17-0519
Shin, NR, Byun SH, Chun JH, Shin JH, Kim YJ, Kim JH, Yoo CK. An outbreak of type C botulism in waterbirds: Incheon, Korea. J. Wildl. Dis., 46:(3); 912-917, 2010. DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-46.3.912
Vidal D, Anza I, Taggart A, Pérez-Ramírez E, Crespo E, Hofle U, Mateo R. Environmental factors influencing the prevalence of Clostridium botulinum type C/D in non-permanent Mediterranean wetlands. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 79; 4264-4271, 2013. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01191-13
Włodarczyk R, Minias P, Kukier E, Grenda T, Śmietanka K, Janiszewski T. The first case of a major avian type C botulism outbreak in Poland. Avian Dis., 58:(3);488-490, 2014. DOI: 10.1637/10669-091913-Case
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Creative Commons - Atribuição 4.0 Internacional que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.
