Produções Legais da Pirataria: O Streaming e a Incorporação das Demandas e Discursos Piratas no Mercado do Entretenimento Digital
Resumo
A partir das mudanças desencadeada nas indústrias fonográfica e cinematográfica em razão das tecnologias digitais de compartilhamento de arquivos que desafiaram o regime de propriedade intelectual no final da década de 1990, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar processos de incorporação dos discursos e demandas da “pirataria” no mercado legal do streaming. Com base em etnografia realizada no ciberespaço entre os anos de 2015 e 2017 sugiro que as atuais plataformas de streaming são não somente inspiradas, mas permeadas e produzidas pela “pirataria” digital e por suas estratégias de resistência ao mercado tradicional do entretenimento. Em uma dinâmica porosa de produção do legal a partir da incorporação do ilegal é possível dizer que os novos modelos de mercado do entretenimento digital correspondem a processos de formalização das demandas e discursos piratas.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
PDFReferências
ALVES, Simone; DIAS, Pedro; NOGUEIRA, Antonio; FIGUEIREDO, Kléber. 2011. Webfilmes: Aluguel de Filmes em Tempos de Pipoca Virtual. In: ANPAD, Curitiba, v.1, n.2, p.68-85. https://doi.org/10.21714/2236-02632011v1n2tac11
BECK apud FINLEY, Jillian. 2015. 9 Artists Reveal Why You Won't Find Their Music on Spotify. In: MyDomaine. Disponível em: < http://www.mydomaine.com/artists-who-refused-to-stream-music> Acesso em: 20, abr, 2017.
BORJA, Karla; DIERINGER, Suzanne. 2016. Streaming or Stealing? The complementary features between music streaming and music piracy. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.06.007
BROIDA, Rick. 2016. Everything you need to know about Amazon X-Ray for TV shows and movies. In: CNET. 20, jun, 2016. Disponível em: https://www.cnet.com/how-to/everything-you-need-to-know-about-amazon-x-ray-for-tv-shows-and-movies/ Acesso em: 25, abr, 2017.
BRUENGER, David. 2016. Making Money, Making Music: History and Core Concepts. University of California Press.
BUFFET, Jimmy apud ANDERSON, Lessley. 2014. Jimmy Buffet asks Spotify CEO Daniel EK for a Raise. In.: Vanity Fair. Disponível em: < http://www.vanityfair.com/news/tech/2014/10/jimmy-buffett-spotify-ceo-raise> Acesso em: 20, abr, 2017.
CAETANO, Miguel Afonso. 2016. Spotify e os Piratas: em busca de uma “jukebox celestial” para a diversidade cultural. Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais, 109. https://doi.org/10.4000/rccs.6311.
CAPRICHO, Revista. 2017. Vem ouvir a playlist especial da CAPRICHO no Spotify. Revista Capricho – Redação, 18, abr, 2017. Disponível em: http://capricho.abril.com.br/famosos/vem-ouvir-a-playlist-especial-da-capricho-no-spotify/ Acesso em: 20, abr, 2017.
CASTRO, Gisela G.S. 2001. O Caso Napster: Direitos de Propriedade Intelectual em Questão. INTERCOM – Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação – XXIV Congresso Brasileiro da Comunicação – Campo Grande/MS, 2001.
COSSETTI, Melissa Cruz. 2017. Spotify Premium corta preço pela metade para estudantes no Brasil. Techtudo. Disponível em: http://www.techtudo.com.br/noticias/2017/04/spotify-premium-corta-preco-pela-metade-para-estudantes-no-brasil.ghtml Acesso em: 20, abr, 2017
DEEZERa. 2016. Deezer faz investimento inédito no Gospel para acelerar a adoção do Streaming no Brasil. Deezer Blog. 11, out, 2016. Disponível em: < http://www.deezer-blog.com/br/2016/10/11/deezer-faz-investimento-inedito-no-gospel-para-acelerar-a-adocao-do-streaming-no-brasil/> Acesso em: 25, abr, 2017.
DEEZERb. 2013. Deezer apresenta: Deezer Sessions. Deezer Blog. 15, out, 2013. Disponível em: < http://www.deezer-blog.com/br/2013/10/15/deezer-apresenta-deezer-sessions/> Acesso em: 25 abr, 2017.
DEEZERc. 2017. Conheça a seleção de artistas brasileiras que fazem parte do programa ‘Deezer Next’. Deezer Blog. 8, mar, 2017. Diponível em: http://www.deezer-blog.com/br/2017/03/08/conheca-a-selecao-de-artistas-brasileiras-que-fazem-parte-do-programa-deezer-next/ Acesso em: 25, abr, 2017
DW, 2003. Napster é o pesadelo da Bertelsmann. In.: DW. Disponível em: < http://www.dw.com/pt-br/napster-%C3%A9-o-pesadelo-da-bertelsmann/a-887545> Acesso em: 14, dez, 2016.
CONSTINE, Josh. 2017. How Spotify is finally gaining leverage over record labels. Techcrunch. Disponível em: https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/18/dictate-top-40/ Acesso em: 18, abr, 2017.
ERNESTO. 2012. Netflix Caught Using “Pirated” Subtitles in Finland. TorrentFreak. Disponível em: < https://torrentfreak.com/netflix-caught-using-pirated-subtitles-in-finland-121019/> Acesso em: 20, abr, 2017.
EK, Daniel apud STERN, Joanna. 2012. Spotify Founder Daniel Ek Wanted to Create Something 'Better than Piracy'. In.: ABC News. Disponível em: < http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2012/12/spotify-founder-daniel-ek-wanted-to-create-something-better-than-piracy/> Acesso em: 18, abr, 2017.
FERRICK vs. SPOTIFY, 2016. United States District Court Central Distric of California. Disponível em: https://musictechpolicy.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/ferrick-v-spotify-complaint-filed-1-8-16-1.pdf Acesso em: 20, abr, 2017.
FRITZ, Bem. 2017. From Multiplex to Living Room, in 45 Days or Less. In.: The Wall Street Journal. 26, mar, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.wsj.com/articles/from-multiplex-to-living-room-in-45-days-or-less-1490532001 Acesso em: 25, abr, 2017.
GOULD, Luiza. 2016. Streaming na indústria cultural é tema de debate na OAB/RJ com Frejat e representante do Spotify. In.: O Globo. Disponível em: http://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/streaming-na-industria-cultural-tema-de-debate-na-oabrj-com-frejat-representante-do-spotify-16483339 Acesso em: 29, abr, 2017.
GRIZZLY BEAR TWITTER, 2012. Mog and Spotify do not help bands or labels or indie stores. Not shaming you, just stating the facts since someone asked. Twitter @grizzlybear. Disponível em: < https://twitter.com/grizzlybear/status/241581268242952192> Acesso em: 20, abr, 2017.
HARMON, Amy. Universal Sues Bertelsmann Over Ties to Napster. The New York Times. Disponível em: http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/13/business/universal-sues-bertelsmann-over-ties-to-napster.html Acesso em: 14, dez, 2016.
HAYNES, Suyin. 2016. Prince's Estate Sues Jay Z's Tidal in Streaming Fight. Time, 16, nov, 2016. Disponível em: http://time.com/4573309/tidal-prince-jay-z-lawsuit/ Acesso em: 02, maio, 2017.
IDLAND, Elisabeth; ØVERBY, Harald; AUDESTAD, Jan A. 2015. Economic Markets for Video Streaming Services: A Case Study of Netflix and Popcorn Time. In.: Norsk Informatikkonferanse – NIK. Disponível em: < http://ojs.bibsys.no/index.php/NIK/article/view/244> Acesso em: 17, abr, 2017.
IFPI. 2017. IFPI Global Music Report 2017. IFPI News, 25, abr, 2017. Disponível em: < http://www.ifpi.org/news/IFPI-GLOBAL-MUSIC-REPORT-2017> Acesso em: 03, maio, 2017.
KELION, Leo. 2013. Netflix studies piracy sites to decide what to buy. BBC News. Disponível em: http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-24108673 Acesso em: 20, abr, 2017.
KERNFELD, Barry. 2011. Pop Song Piracy: Disobedient Music Distribution Since 1929. Chicago, MI: University of Chicago Press.
KERR, Dara. 2014. Pandora sued by record labels for copyright infringement. 17, abr, 2014. CNET. Disponível em: https://www.cnet.com/news/pandora-sued-by-major-record-labels-for-copyright-infringement/ Acesso em: 26, abr, 2017.
KISCHINHEVSKY, Marceloet al. 2015. Em busca da música infinita: os serviços de streaming e os conflitos de interesse no mercado de conteúdos digitais. Revista Fronteiras – Estudos Midiáticos, 17 (3). https://doi.org/10.4013/fem.2015.173.04
KNOPPER, Steve. 2013. iTunes' 10th Anniversary: How Steve Jobs Turned the Industry Upside Down. In.: Rolling Stone, 26, abr, 2013. Disponível em: < http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/itunes-10th-anniversary-how-steve-jobs-turned-the-industry-upside-down-20130426> Acesso em: 03, maio, 2017.
LEV, Peter. 2003. The American Film Industry in the Early 1950s. In.: The Fifties –Transforming the Screen, 1950-1959. University of California Press, 2003.
LEVINE, Robert. 2017. Billboard Power 100’s New Nº 1: Spotify Streaming Pioneer Daniel Ek. Billboard. Disponível em: < http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7685308/no-1-power-100-daniel-ek-spotify> Acesso em: 18, abr, 2017.
MENN, Joseph. 2006. Financiers agree to settle Napster suit. Los Angeles Times. Disponível em: < http://articles.latimes.com/2006/dec/13/business/fi-napster13> Acesso em: 14, dez, 2016.
MURPHY, Margi. 2017. PICK AND NETMIX Netflix could let viewers choose how their favourite shows end using their remote control. The Sun, 06, mar, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/3022532/netflix-could-let-viewers-decide-how-their-favourite-shows-end-using-their-remote-control/ Acesso em: 03, maio, 2017.
NEWSKI, Brett. 2017. Fuck you Spotify. SoundCloud. Disponível em: < https://soundcloud.com/brett-newski/fuck-you-spotify-1> Acesso em: 26, abr, 2017.
NEWSOM, Joanna apud ROBERTS, Randall. 2015. Joanna Newsom calls Spotify 'a villainous cabal' and 'a garbage system'. In.: Los Angeles Times. Disponível em: http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-joanna-newsom-spotify-villainous-cabal-garbage-system-20151015-story.html Acesso em: 20, abr, 2017.
PELLEGRINI, Frank. 2000. BMG and Napster: If You Can't Beat 'Em, Buy 'Em!. Time. Disponível em: < http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,59849,00.html > Acesso em: 14, dez, 2016.
PLUMMER, Robert. The clock is ticking for Spotify. BBC News. Disponível em: http://www.bbc.com/news/business-38930699 Acesso em 18, abr, 2017.
RAYBURN, Corey. 2001. After Napster. Virginia Journal of Law and Technology. Disponível em: Acesso em: 13, jan, 2017.
RECHARDT, Lauri. 2015. Streaming and Copyright: a Recording Industry Perspective. WIPO Magazine. Disponível em: < http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2015/02/article_0001.html> Acesso em: 21, abr, 2017.
RESNIKOFF, Paul. 2016. My Band Has 1,000,000 Spotify Streams. Want to See Our Royalties?. Digital Music News. Disponível em: http://www.digitalmusicnews.com/2016/05/26/band-1-million-spotify-streams-royalties/ Acesso em: 29, abr, 2017.
RIAA REPORT. 2017. News and Notes on 2016 RIAA Shipment and Revenue Statistics 2016. RIAA REPORT Disponível em: < http://www.riaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/RIAA-2016-Year-End-News-Notes.pdf> Acesso em: 03, maio, 2017.
SANCHEZ, Daniel Adrian. 2017. The Guy Who Started The Pirate Bay Is Now a Millionaire. Digital Music News. 06, abr, 2017. Disponível em: http://www.digitalmusicnews.com/2017/04/06/adblock-plus-the-pirate-bay-flattr/ Acesso em: 29, abr, 2017.
SHANLEY, Mia. 2016. Spotify could become profitable in 2017. Business Insider. Disponível em: http://www.businessinsider.com/r-exclusive-europes-biggest-tech-hope-spotify-starts-talking-about-profit-2016-12 Acesso em: 18, abr, 2017.
SINGLETON, Micah. 2015. This was Sony Music's contract with Spotify. The Verge. Disponível em: http://www.theverge.com/2015/5/19/8621581/sony-music-spotify-contract Acesso em: 29, abr, 2017.
SISARIO, Bem. 2015. David Lowery Sues Spotify for Copyright Infringement. The New York Times. 29, dez, 2015. Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/30/business/media/david-lowery-sues-spotify-for-copyright-infringement.html?_r=0 Acesso em: 20, abr, 2017.
SMITH, Emma. 2016. Has Netflix Made Piracy Worse? Redpoints Blog. Disponível em: http://blog.redpoints.com/en/netflix-and-piracy-streaming Acesso em: 17, abr, 2017.
SWIFT, Taylor apud KNOPPER, Steve. 2014. Taylor Swift Pulled Music From Spotify for 'Superfan Who Wants to Invest,' Says Rep. In.: Rolling Stone. Disponível em: < http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/taylor-swift-scott-borchetta-spotify-20141108> Acesso em: 20, abr, 2017.
THE GUARDIAN. 2015. Netflix sued for streaming Bicycle Thieves 'without copyright'. The guardian. Disponível em: < https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/oct/23/netflix-bicycle-thieves-sued-copyright-streaming> Acesso em: 20, abr, 2017.
THE TRICHORDIST. 2014. A Tale of Two Pirates? Daniel Ek (uTorrent) and Kim Dotcom (Megaupload). The Trichordist - Artists For An Ethical and Sustainable Internet #StopArtistExploitation, 06, out, 2014. Disponível em: https://thetrichordist.com/2014/10/06/a-tale-of-two-pirates-daniel-ek-utorrent-and-kim-dotcom-megaupload/ Acesso em: 29, abr, 2017.
TIMIRAOS, Nick. 2006. Free, Legal and Ignored. The Wall Street Journal. 06, jul, 2006. Disponível em: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB115214899486099107 Acesso em: 27, abr, 2017.
THE OBSERVER. 2013. Napster: o dia em que a música foi libertada. Carta Capital. Disponível em: < http://www.cartacapital.com.br/internacional/napster-o-dia-em-que-a-musica-foi-libertada> Acesso em: 12, jan, 2016.
THOMES, Tim Paul. 2013. An Economic Analysis of Online Streaming Music Services. Information Economics and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2013.04.001
YORKE, Thom apud DREDGE Stuart. 2013. Thom Yorke calls Spotify 'the last desperate fart of a dying corpse'. The Guardian. Disponível em: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/07/spotify-thom-yorke-dying-corpse Acesso em: 20, abr, 2017.
WITT, Stephen Richard. 2015. How Music Got Free: A Story of Obsession and Invention. New York: Penguin Books.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/cra.v18i1-2.55743
Apontamentos
- Não há apontamentos.
Enviar artigo via e-mail 
