Physicochemical Characterization of Used Cooking Oil: Environmental Implications and Reuse Potential
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/cep.v43i1.101091Resumo
ABSTRACT: Vegetable oils are widely used in food preparation. Still, when subjected to high temperatures, they undergo physical and chemical degradation that compromises their quality and generates residues with high environmental impact. This study aimed to perform the physicochemical characterization of used cooking oils and propose reuse strategies aligned with the principles of the circular economy. Samples from households and restaurants were analyzed for acidity, peroxide value, iodine index, density, and soluble solids content. The results revealed significant degradation, particularly in terms of acidity and peroxide levels, rendering reuse in food applications unfeasible. Statistical tools were applied to group the samples into four distinct clusters, each with specific chemical profiles. Based on these profiles, targeted applications were proposed: the extraction of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids for the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries, and the production of biodiesel from highly degraded oils. The findings highlight the relevance of physicochemical analysis as a tool for efficient and sustainable management of residual oils.
Keywords: Used cooking oil, Physicochemical characterization, Lipid oxidation, Waste management, Sustainable processes.
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