Phytobiotics incorporation in animals feed: Case of ruminants and monogastrics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v30i4.98837Palavras-chave:
Additives, phytobiotics, antibiotics, monogastric, environment, farming, performance, ruminants.Resumo
L'interdiction des antibiotiques favorisant la croissance (PCA) dans les régimes à base de produits laitiers en 2006 était principalement motivée par les inquiétudes des producteurs laitiers concernant la résistance aux antibiotiques, qui constitue une menace pour la santé humaine et animale. L’utilisation générale d’antibiotiques en agriculture conduit au développement de cultures bactériennes résistantes, réduisant leur efficacité dans le traitement des infections. Par ailleurs, la présence de résidus d’antibiotiques dans les produits d’origine animale suscite d’importantes préoccupations en termes de sécurité alimentaire et de santé des consommateurs. Ces déficits ont incité à rechercher des solutions alternatives qui peuvent maintenir et améliorer la santé et la productivité animales sans contribuer à ces problèmes.
Les phytobiotiques sont considérés comme une alternative prometteuse aux antibiotiques. Ces composés naturels, constitués de diverses herbes, épices et plantes, sont reconnus depuis longtemps pour leurs bienfaits pour la santé. Historiquement appréciés pour leurs propriétés antimicrobiennes, anti-inflammatoires et digestives, ils sont aujourd’hui explorés pour des utilisations similaires en nutrition animale. Le regain d’intérêt pour les phytobiotiques reflète leur potentiel à répondre aux préoccupations croissantes concernant la résistance aux antibiotiques et la contamination chimique des produits alimentaires.
Cette étude vise à faire le point sur les progrès de la recherche sur l'utilisation des phytobiotiques comme alternative aux antibiotiques chez les espèces monogastriques (ex : campagnol) et les ruminants (ex : bovins, ovins et chevaux). L’objectif est également d’évaluer leur impact sur d’autres facteurs que les performances animales, le bien-être et l’impact environnemental des pratiques agricoles.
Des études antérieures ont montré que les phytobiotiques améliorent les performances animales en augmentant les taux de croissance, l’efficacité de la conversion alimentaire et la productivité globale. Ils jouent également un rôle crucial dans le maintien de la santé animale en stimulant les réponses immunitaires et la santé intestinale. De plus, l’utilisation de produits phytobiotiques a été associée à une réduction de l’impact environnemental de l’agriculture, notamment en réduisant les émissions de méthane chez les ruminants et en réduisant le besoin d’additifs chimiques de synthèse dans l’alimentation animale. Ces avantages soulignent le potentiel des phytobiotiques comme alternative durable et respectueuse de la santé aux antibiotiques conventionnels, à l’exception de leur volume.
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