The influence of the silvopastoral system on physiological, behavior, and health responses of the Purunã breed of cattle
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v28i4.92665Palavras-chave:
Silvopastoral system, beef cattle, body temperature, body weight, behavioral response.Resumo
Os sistemas pecuários sustentáveis devem proporcionar elevados rendimentos de produção, respeitando simultaneamente o bem-estar animal. O sistema silvipastoril (SPS: silvipastoril – árvores, pasto e gado) oferece uma estratégia de gestão de gado mais holística. O SPS incorpora árvores, forragem e proteção dos animais durante o pastoreio. No entanto, a relação entre os indicadores comportamentais dos animais no SPS tem sido pouco estudada em condições subtropicais. Um estudo preliminar foi realizado para investigar o efeito do SPS nas respostas fisiológicas, comportamentais e de saúde durante um ciclo de pastejo do Purunãgado. Trinta novilhas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos de 15 animais, mantidos no SPS ou em sistema de monocultivo (PAS: pastoril – gado a pasto). O peso corporal e a temperatura da superfície corporal, o tempo de pastejo e o comportamento de repouso foram avaliados para ambos os sistemas durante o final do outono (40 dias) em uma região subtropical úmida do Brasil. Os dados mostraram influência estatisticamente significativa do SPS na redução da temperatura média da superfície corporal das novilhas, de 27,7oC para 30,3oC no PAS (P = 0,02). Embora tenha havido um efeito importante do SPS na diminuição do comportamento alimentar (4,77 eventos/1,5 h), em comparação com animais mantidos no PAS (6,21 eventos/1,5 h), as diferenças na disponibilidade de forragem podem ter desempenhado um papel importantenos animais mantidos no SPS. Os animais no SPS apresentaram estatisticamente significativamente menos eventos de consumo de álcool (P = 0,0001), maior declínio no escore de condição corporal (ECC) (P = 0,02) e no escore parasita (P = 0,009), do que os animais mantidos no PAS . Houve distribuição agregada de carrapatos e os animais infestados perderam significativamente mais peso (P = 0,027) do que os não infestados do mesmo grupo (SPS). Mais estudos são necessários para compreender melhor a influência de múltiplos fatores no comportamento e na saúde dos Purunã , especialmente quando se consideram sistemas agrícolas distintos, disponibilidade de forragem, condições geográficas e climáticas e o impacto dos ectoparasitas em animais individuais .
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