Brexit, Human Rights and the Role of Constitutional Culture
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/rinc.v6i3.70441Palavras-chave:
Brexit, human rights, Constitutional Culture, United Kingdom, referenda.Resumo
In order to fully explore this territory, it is essential to appreciate how both Brexit and Human Rights fit within the wider “Constitutional Culture” of the State. The article starts this discussion with an examination of what the concept of Constitutional Culture signifies, both generally, and also within the specific and idiosyncratic context of the United Kingdom. Then, it explores how human rights fit within British Constitutional Culture and assesses how the Brexit saga relates to both British Constitutional Culture and human rights as they exist within this paradigm. Having addressed the nature of British Constitutional Culture, the place of human rights within it and the impact of the Brexit process, the role of referenda in our democratic processes will be discussed, alongside the function of human rights, in sense of identifiable freedoms which can be named and asserted, within whatever form of new Constitutional Culture and settlement ultimately emerges.
Referências
ADAMS, John. Instructions Adopted by the Braintree Town Meeting. Available at: <http://www.masshist.org/publications/adams-papers/index.php/view/PJA01d073>. Last accessed: 9 dec. 2019.
ALLAN, Trevor. The Sovereignty of Law: Freedom, Constitution and Common Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
AUST, Anthony. Handbook on International Law. 2. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
BAKER, John. The Reinvention of the Magna Carta. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.
BARNES, Peter. Brexit: What Happens Now? BBC News, [s.l.], 31 oct. 2019. Available at: <https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-46393399>. Last accessed: 9 dec. 2019.
BLACKSTONE, William. Commentaries on the Laws of England. Book 3. Clarendon Press at Oxford, 1765-1770.
BURKE, Edmund. Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke. New York: Cosimo Classics, 2008.
CHAPLAIN, Chloe. What is Erskine May? The £400 handbook that guides Parliament and John Bercow’s decisions? Inews Briefing, [s.l.], 19 mar. 2019. Available at: <https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/what-is-erskine-may-parliamentary-rulebook/>. Last accessed: 9 dec. 2019.
CORNELL, Saul. A Well Regulated Militia: The Founding Fathers and the Origins of Gun Control in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
De Francesco v Barnum [1886-90]. In: All England Law Reports Reprint. London: Butterworths Law, 1996. p. 414, 418 per Fry LJ “I think that courts are bound to be jealous in case they should turn contracts of service into contracts of slavery”.
ELLIOTT, Mark; THOMAS, Robert. Public Law. 3. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. Eweida vs. United Kingdom, 2013.
FARRELL, Michelle; DRYWOOD, Eleanor; REYNOLDS, Stephanie; GREY, Harriet. Brexit and the Conservative Party Plans for the Human Rights Act. Liverpool University Law Blog, Liverpool, 1 feb. 2019. Available at: <https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/law/news/articles/brexit-and-the-conservatives-plans-for-the-human-rights-act>. Last accessed: 9 dec. 2019.
FELDMAN, David. Civil Liberties and Human Rights in England and Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
GARCÍA OLIVA, Javier; HALL, Helen. Parliament, the Executive and the Speaker. Balancing Beliefs Blog. 20 mar. 2019. Available at: <http://www.projects.law.manchester.ac.uk/religion-law-and-the-constitution/parliament-and-executive-brexit-and-the-speaker/>. Last accessed: 9 dec. 2019.
GARCÍA OLIVA, Javier; HALL, Helen. Religion, Law and the Constitution: Balancing Beliefs in Britain. Abingdon: Routledge, 2017.
GEARTY, Conor. She’s dead of course! The British Constitution and Human Rights. LSE Brexit Blog, London, 8 aug. 2019. Available at: <https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2019/07/03/shes-dead-of-course-the-british-constitution-brexit-and-human-rights/>. Last accessed: 9 dec. 2019.
GEARTY, Conor. She’s dead of course! The British Constitution and Human Rights. LSE Brexit Blog, London, 8 aug. 2019. Available at: <https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2019/07/03/shes-dead-of-course-the-british-constitution-brexit-and-human-rights/>. Last accessed: 9 dec. 2019.
GIANNOULOPOULOS, Dimitrios. Britain must hold fast to the European Convention on Human Rights as it leaves the EU. LSE Brexit, London, 24 nov. 2016. Available at: <https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2016/11/24/britain-must-hold-fast-to-the-european-convention-on-human-rights-as-it-leaves-the-eu/>. Last accessed: 9 dec. 2019.
GOLDSWORTHY, Jeffrey. Constitutional Cultures, Democracy, and Unwritten Principles. University of Illinois Law Review, Champaign, v. 18, n. 2, p. 683-710, apr. 2012.
HARTSHORNE, John. The Need for an Intrusion upon Seclusion Privacy Tort within English Law. Common Law World Review, [s.l.], v. 46, n. 4, p. 287-305, nov. 2017.
HELLER, Hermann. The Nature and Structure of the State. Cardozo Law Review, New York, v. 18, n. 3, p. 1139-1216, dec. 1996.
HERRING, Jonathan; WALL, Jesse. The nature and significance of the right to bodily integrity. Cambridge Law Journal, Cambridge, v. 76, n. 3, p. 566-588, nov. 2017.
HILL, Christopher. The World Turned Upside Down: Radical ideas during the English Revolution. London: Penguin, 2019.
HINDERAKER, Eric. Boston’s Massacre. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2017.
HORNE, Gerald; HERRON, Larry. The Counter Revolution of 1776: Slave Resistance and the Origins of the United States of America. New York: New York University Press, 2014.
HUNT, Murray. The Horizontal Effect of the Human Rights Act. Public Law, London, n. 3, p. 423-443, sept./nov. 1998.
KASPER, Eric T.; VIEREGGE, Quentin D. The United States Constitution in Film: Part of Our National Culture. New York: Lexington Books, 2018.
LLEWELLYN, K. N. The Constitution as an Institution. Columbia Law Review. New York, v. 34, n. 1, p. 1-40, jan. 1934.
MASTERMAN, Roger. The Separation of Powers in the Contemporary Constitution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
MAZZONE, Jason. The Creation of a Constitutional Culture. Tulsa Law Review, Tulsa, v. 40, n. 4, p. 961-683, oct./dec. 2004.
MERRICK, Rob. Theresa May to Consider Axeing Human Rights Act After Brexit. The Independent, [s.l.], 18 jan. 2019. Available at: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/theresa-may-human-rights-act-repeal-brexit-echr-commons-parliament-conservatives-a8734886.html>. Last accessed: 9 dec. 2019.
MILLAR, James R. Politics, Work, and Daily Life in the USSR: A Survey of Former Soviet Citizens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
MOREHAM, Nicole. Douglas and Others v Hello-the Protection of Privacy in English Private Law. Modern Law Review, London, v. 64, n. 5, p. 767-774, nov. 2001.
PHILLIPSON, Gavin. The Human Rights Act, ‘Horizontal Effect’ and the Common Law: A Bang or a Whimper? The Modern Law Review, London, v. 62, n. 6, p. 824-849, nov. 1999.
PURKISS, Diane. The English Civil War. London: Harper Perennial, 2006.
ROS, Taylor. Is Boris Johnson’s Brexit posturing just a power play? LSE Brexit, London, 31 jul. 2019. Available at: <https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2019/07/31/is-boris-johnsons-brexit-posturing-just-a-power-play/>. Last accessed: 9 dec. 2019.
RUSSEL, Peter. Constitution. COURTNEY, John C.; SMITH, David E. (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Politics. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2010.
SVENSSON, Pale. Denmark: The Referendum as Minority Protection. In: ULERI, Pier Vincenzo; GALLAGHER, Michael (Eds.). The Referendum Experience in Europe. London: Macmillan, 1996. p. 33-51.
SZUCKO, Angélica. The EU’s institutional response to the Brexit vote. LSE Brexit, London, 22 jul. 2019. Available at: <https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2019/07/22/eus-institutional-response-to-the-brexit-vote/>. Last accessed: 9 dec. 2019.
TOMKINS, Adam. Public Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
UNITED KINGDOM. Court of King's Bench. Scott vs. Shepherd, 1773.
UNITED KINGDOM. Court of King's Bench. Somerset vs. Stewart, 1772.
UNITED KINGDOM. England and Wales Court of Appeal. Parkinson vs. St. James NHS Trust, 2001.
UNITED KINGDOM. Parliament of the United Kingdom. Referendums held in the UK. Available at: <https://www.parliament.uk/get-involved/elections/referendums-held-in-the-uk/>. Last accessed: 9 dec. 2019.
UNITED KINGDOM. Parliament of the United Kingdom. UK Parliament, A New Magna Carta? Political and Constitutional Reform. Available at: <https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201415/cmselect/cmpolcon/463/46308.htm>. Last accessed: 9 dec. 2019.
UNITED KINGDOM. Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. R (UNISON) vs. Lord Chancellor, 2017.
UNITED KINGDOM. United Kingdom Supreme Court. R (Miller) vs. Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union, 2017.
UTIZ, Renáta. The Constitutional Text in the Light of History. In: UITZ, Renáta. Constitutions, Courts and History: Historical Narratives in Constitutional Adjudication. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2005.
WALAWALKAR, Aaron. Boris Johnson: What is the next Prime Minister’s Human Rights Record? Each Other blog, 23 jul. 2019. Available at: <https://rightsinfo.org/boris-johnsons-human-rights-record/>. Last accessed: 9 dec. 2019.
WALDMAN, Michael. The Second Amendment: A Biography. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2014.
WILDING, Jo. The Business of Asylum Justice and the Future of Human Rights. In: SMYTH, Claire-Michelle; LANG, Richard (Eds.). The Future of Human Rights in the UK. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017.
YUILL, Kevin; STREET, Joe (Eds.). The Second Amendment and Gun Control: Freedom, Fear and the American Constitution. Abingdon: Routledge, 2017.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Creative Commons - Atribuição 4.0 Internacional que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).