The impact of the introduction of artificial intelligence in advocacy: skills and professional ethics necessary for the future lawyer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/rfdufpr.v66i2.73458Parole chiave:
Artificial intelligence. Legal services. Professional deontology.Abstract
This article studies the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the professional environment of lawyers, analyzing advantages, risks, and future professional perspectives. As results of the research, it was found that an adaptive, resilient professionalism that demands transdisciplinary and human capabilities of lawyers, in a complex way, is what is expected of the successful lawyer in the future with AI. In this sense, the professional field will undergo several changes with regard to activities of a repetitive and formal character, and the activities that should be more valued from now on, in addition to technical-legal knowledge in line with the technological development, are consultancy and legal advice. With regard to professional ethics, these technologies, as well as their potentials and risks, must be understood by professionals, so that they become aware that their use may be mandated by the rules of professional ethical conduct (due to the precision they bring to legal advice), but much of the current codifications of professional ethics should be changed due to the specificities of AI. This work used the hypothetico-deductive method, a qualitative and transdisciplinary approach, and bibliographic-documentary research technique.
Riferimenti bibliografici
BRASIL. Conselho Federal da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil. Código de Ética e Disciplina da OAB. Brasília, DF, 13 de fevereiro de 1995.
BRASIL. Lei nº 10.406, de 10 de janeiro de 2002. Institui o Código Civil. Brasília, DF, Diário Oficial da União, 11.01.2002.
BRASIL. Lei nº 6.015, de 31 de dezembro de 1973. Dispõe sobre os registros públicos, e dá outras providências. Brasília, DF, Diário Oficial da União, 31.12.1973 e retificado em 30.10.1975.
BRASIL. Lei nº 8.906, de 4 de julho de 1994. Dispõe sobre o Estatuto da Advocacia e a Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB). Brasília, DF, Diário Oficial da União, 5.07.1994.
CARREL, Alyson. Legal Intelligence Through Artificial Intelligence Requires Emotional Intelligence: A New Competency Model for the 21st Century Legal Professional. Ga. St. U. L. Rev., [s. l.], v. 35, n. 4, p. 1152-1183, 2019.
FLOOD, John A. Legal Professionals of the Future: Their Ethos, Role and Skills. SSRN, [s. l.], 2019. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3315855.
HAUPT, Claudia E. Governing A.I.’s Professional Advice. McGill Law Journal, [s. l.], v. 64, n. 4, p. 666-682, 2020. Available from: https://bit.ly/3aJ86s2 [Accessed: 15 Apr. 2021].
HRICIK, David; MORGAN, Asya-Lorrene S.; WILLIAMS, Kyle H. Ethics of Using Artificial Intelligence to Augment Drafting Legal Documents. Texas A&M Journal of Property Law, [s. l.], v. 4, n. 5, p. 465-484, 2018. Available from: https://bit.ly/3tXr9qc [Accessed: 15 Apr. 2021].
HU, Teng; LU, Huafeng. Study on the Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Legal Profession. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education (EMLE 2019). Paris: Atlantis Press, 2020. p. 964-968. Available from: https://bit.ly/3eGdmOu [Accessed: 15 Apr. 2021].
IVEY, Matthew. The Ethical Midfield in Artificial Intelligence: Practical Reflections for National Security Lawyers. The Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics, [s. l.], v. 33, n. 1, p. 109-138, 2020. Available from: https://bit.ly/32PG4qs [Accessed: 15 Apr. 2021].
JACOBOWITZ, Jan L.; ORTIZ, Justin. Happy Birthday Siri! Dialing in Legal Ethics for Artificial Intelligence, Smartphones, and Real Time Lawyers. Texas A&M Journal of Property Law, [s. l.], v. 4, n. 5, p. 407-442, 2018. Available from: https://bit.ly/2RZf4m8 [Accessed: 15 Apr. 2021].
KERIKMÄE, Tanel; HOFFMANN, Thomas; CHOCHIA, Archil. Legal Technology for Law Firms: Determining Roadmaps for Innovation. Croatian International Relations Review, [s. l.], v. XXIV, n. 81, p. 91-112, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cirr-2018-0005.
MARKOVIC, Milan. Rise of the Robot Lawyers? Arizona Law Review, [s. l.], v. 61, n. 2, p. 325-350, 2019. Available from: https://bit.ly/3aI1b2l [Accessed: 15 Apr. 2021].
MCGOOGAN, Cara. 19-year-old’s ‘robot lawyer’ overturns 160,000 parking tickets. The Telegraph, [s. l.], 26 June 2016. Available from: https://bit.ly/3xrzx3i [Accessed: 15 Apr. 2021].
MOSES, Lyria Bennett. The Need for Lawyers. In: The Future of Australian Legal Education (University of New South Wales Law Research Series, Research Paper No. 18-46). Sydney: Thomson Reuters, 2018. 15 p. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3225456.
NUNEZ, Catherine. Artificial Intelligence and Legal Ethics: Whether AI Lawyers Can Make Ethical Decisions. Tulane Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property, [s. l.], v. 20, p. 189-204, 2017. Available from: https://bit.ly/3sRbZl3 [Accessed: 15 Apr. 2021].
ROGERS, Justine; BELL, Felicity. The Ethical AI Lawyer: What is Required of Lawyers When They Use Automated Systems? Law, Technology and Humans, [s. l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 80-99, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5204/lthj.v1i0.1324.
ROZADO, David. Wide range screening of algorithmic bias in word embedding models using large sentiment lexicons reveals underreported bias types. PLoS ONE, [s. l.], v. 15, n. 4, e0231189, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231189.
SADO, Fatai et al. Explainable Goal-Driven Agents and Robots – A Comprehensive Review and New Framework. ArXiv Cornell University, [s. l.], 2020. Available from: https://bit.ly/2QAbEWK [Accessed: 15 Apr. 2021].
SILVA, Alexandre Pacheco da; FABIANI, Emerson Ribeiro; FEFERBAUM, Marina (coord.). O Futuro das Profissões Jurídicas: você está preparad@? Sumário Executivo da Pesquisa Quantitativa “Tecnologia, Profissões e Ensino Jurídico”. São Paulo: Fundação Getúlio Vargas, 2018. Available from: https://bit.ly/3dVzKnR [Accessed: 15 Apr. 2021].
SIMPSON, Brian. Algorithms or advocacy: does the legal profession have a future in a digital world? Information & Communications Technology Law, [s. l.], v. 25, n. 1, p. 50-61, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13600834.2015.1134144.
SIMSHAW, Drew. Ethical Issues in Robo-Lawyering: The Need for Guidance on Developing and Using Artificial Intelligence in the Practice of Law. Hastings Law Journal, [s. l.], v. 70, n. 1, p. 173-214, 2019. Available from: https://bit.ly/3vkWFi4 [Accessed: 15 Apr. 2021].
SMITH, Alexander; SPENCER, Nigel. Do Lawyers Need to Learn to Code? A Practitioner Perspective on the ‘Polytechnic’ Future of Legal Education. In: DENVIR, Catrina (ed.). Modernising Legal Education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. p. 18-37.
STOCKDALE, Michael; MITCHELL, Rebecca. Legal Advice Privilege and Artificial Legal Intelligence: Can Robots Give Privileged Legal Advice? The International Journal of Evidence & Proof, [s. l.], v. 23, n. 4, p. 422-439, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1365712719862296.
STRICKSON, Benjamin; IGLESIA, Beatriz De La. Legal Judgement Prediction for UK Courts. In: ICISS 2020: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Science and System. March 2020. p. 204-209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3388176.3388183.
SUSSKIND, Richard. Tomorrow’s Lawyers: An Introduction to Your Future. 2. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
TUNG, Kenneth. AI, the internet of legal things, and lawyers. Journal of Management Analytics, [s. l.], v. 6, n. 4, p. 390-403, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23270012.2019.1671242.
TURNER, Karen. Meet “Ross”, the newly hired legal robot. The Washington Post, [s. l.], 16 May 2016. Available from: https://wapo.st/3xDC3Um [Accessed: 15 Apr. 2021].
WALTERS, Ed. The Model Rules of Autonomous Conduct: Ethical Responsibilities of Lawyers and Artificial Intelligence. Georgia State University Law Review, [s. l.], v. 35, n. 4, p. 1072-1092, 2019. Available from: https://bit.ly/3vstSs7 [Accessed: 15 Apr. 2021].
WEBLEY, Lisa et al. The Profession(s)’ Engagements with LawTech: Narratives and Archetypes of Future Law. Law, Technology and Humans, [s. l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 6-26, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5204/lthj.v1i0.1314.
YOON, Albert H. The post-modern lawyer: Technology and the democratization of legal representation. University of Toronto Law Journal, [s. l.], v. 66, n. 4, p. 456-471, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/UTLJ.4007.
YU, Ronald; ALÌ, Gabriele Spina. What’s Inside the Black Box? AI Challenges for Lawyers and Researchers. Legal Information Management, [s. l.], v. 19, n. 1, p. 2-13, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1472669619000021.
Downloads
Pubblicato
Come citare
Fascicolo
Sezione
Licenza
Os autores que publicam na Revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
– os autores mantêm os direitos autorais e transferem à Revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional, permitido o compartilhamento do trabalho desde que com reconhecimento da autoria e da publicação inicial na Revista;
– os reutilizadores devem dar o crédito apropriado, prover um link para a licença e indicar se mudanças foram feitas, mas de nenhuma maneira que sugira que o licenciante apoia o reutilizador ou a reutilização;
– os reutilizadores não podem aplicar restrições adicionais, termos jurídicos ou medidas de caráter tecnológico que restrinjam legalmente outros de fazerem algo que a licença permita;
– os reutilizadores devem atribuir crédito ao criador e permitir que outros distribuam, remixem, adaptem e desenvolvam o material em qualquer meio ou formato, exclusivamente para fins não comerciais e desde que sob os mesmos termos, respeitados a Lei nº 9.610, de 19 de fevereiro de 1998, e outros normativos vigentes.
