Religious phenomenology and absolute historicism

Authors

  • Ernesto De Martino

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5380/cra.v24i1.86414

Keywords:

religion, history, ritual, technique.

Abstract

Through a interpretation of the work of the Dutch theologian Gerardus van der Leeuw
(1890-1950), the text analyzes phenomenology as a theoretical strategy for understanding religion. While recognizing the existential foundation of religion, phenomenology aims an intuitive synthesis of the researched essences, describing such phenomena as mysteries to be contemplated and reproducing, to the researcher, a reality
analogous to the experience of the sacred. Absolute historicism, inspired by the work of
Benedetto Croce (1866-1952), seeks, on the contrary, the human reasons that produce religious experience. The historical process described by such historicism is that of the crisis of presence – the risk of not being present in a human history through values, retreating to natural vitality – and that of its rescue through ritual techniques of de-historification and mediation that transform critical moments of existence (related to material and psychological survival) into culturally conquered and established realities.

References

Antoni, C. (1939). Dallo storicismo alla sociologia. Firenze: Sansoni.

Ciardo, M. (1947). Le quattro età dello storicismo. Bari: Laterza.

Croce, B. (1936). Philosophy and History. Essays presented to Ernst Cassirer. Oxford: University of Oxford Press.

Croce, B. (1938). La storia come pensiero e come azione. Bari: Laterza.

Croce, B. (1945). Discorsi di varia filosofia. Bari: Laterza.

Croce, B. (1947). Logica come scienza del concetto puro. Bari: Laterza.

Croce, B. (1949a). Filosofia e storiografia. Bari: Laterza.

Croce, B. (1949b). Ancora sulla vitalità come momento dello spirito. Quaderni della Critica, 15.

Croce, B. (1949c). Il concetto dell’utile o del vitale e le sue aporie. Quaderni della Criti- ca, 14.

Croce, B. (1952). Indagini su Hegel e schiarimenti filosofici. Bari: Laterza.

De Martino, E. (1941). Naturalismo e storicismo nell’etnologia. Bari: Laterza.

De Martino, E. (1942). Religionsethnologie und Historizismus. Paideuma, 4 (5), 178-196.

De Martino, E. (1951-52). Angoscia territoriale e riscatto culturale nel mito Acilpa delle origini. Studi e materiali di storia delle religioni, 23, 51-66.

De Martino, E. Il mondo Magico. Torino: Einaudi, 1948.

De Ruggiero, G. (1934). Storicismo e pseudostoricismo nella filosofia tedesca contemporanea. Critica, 32, 37-50.

Franchini, R. (1953). Esperienza dello storicismo. Napoli: Giannini.

Hirschmann, E. (1940). Phänomenologie der Religion. Eine historisch-systematische Untersuchung von ‘Religionsphänomenologie’ und ‘religionsphänomenologischer’ Methode in der Religionswissenschaft.

Gronigen: Triltsch.

Jensen, A. (1952). Mythos und Kultus bei Naturvölkern. Stuttgart: Steiner.

Lévy-Bruhl, L. (1936) La mythologie primitive. Paris: Alcan.

Malinowski, B. (1926). Myth in primitive Psychology. London: Kegan Paul.

Paci, E. (1950). Il Nulla e il problema dell’uomo. Torino: Libreria del Castello.

Pettazzoni, R. (1951). Commemorazione del socio straniero Gerardus van der Leeuw. Rendiconti Accad. Lincei, 8 (6), 59-63.

Preuss, K. T. (1933). Der religiöse Gehalt der Mythen. Tübingen: Mohr.

Van der Leeuw, G. (1925). Einführung in die Phänomenologie der Religion. München: Ernst Reinhardt.

van der Leeuw, G. (1930). Phénomenologie de l’âme. Bulletin de la societé d’histoire du protestantisme, s. p.

van der Leeuw, G. (1946). Confession scientifique faite a l’université Masaryk de Brno le lundi 18 nov. Numen, 1, 8-15.

van der Leeuw, G. (1940). L’home primitif et la religion. Paris: Alcan.

van der Leeuw, G. (1933). Phänomenologie der Religion. Tübingen: Mohr.

van der Leeuw, G. (1918). Plaats en Taakvan de Godsdienstgeschiedenis in de theol. Wetenschap. Groningen: J. B. Wolters.

van der Leeuw, G. (1938). Rudolf Otto und die Religionsgeschichte. Zeitschrift für Theologie un Kirche, 19, 71-81.

van der Leeuw, G. (1928). Strukturpsychologie und Theologie. Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche, 9, 321-349.

van der Leeuw, G. (1950). The Task of Religion n the Modern World. Atti della riunione costitutiva della Sodalitas Erasmiana. Napoli.

van der Leeuw, G. (1926). Ueber einige neuere Ergebnisse der psychologischen Forschung und thre Awendung auf die Geschichte, insordeheit die Religionsgeschichte. Studi e materiali di storia delle

religioni, 2, 1-43.

van der Leeuw, G. (1949). Urzeit und Endzeit. Eranos Jahrbuch, 11-51.

van der Leeuw, G. (1932). Wegen en Grenzen. Studie over de verhouding van Religie en Kunst. Amsterdam: H. J. Paris.

Published

2024-10-07

How to Cite

De Martino, E. (2024). Religious phenomenology and absolute historicism. Campos - Revista De Antropologia, 24(1-2), 161–179. https://doi.org/10.5380/cra.v24i1.86414

Issue

Section

Tradução