ESTAQUIA, CALAGEM E SOMBREAMENTO DE CARQUEJA

Abstract

Baccharis spp, known as carqueja, is a native species which is aim of extractivism due its medicinal effect and the demand for the phytoterapic industry. This cause the mixture of species, without warranty of effectiveness, quality or offer regularity. Cuttings experiments were accomplished, with different substrates and auxin application in the species Baccharis trimera (Less) A. P. of Candolle, Baccharis articulata (Lam) Pers, and Baccharis stenocepha/a Saker, aiming to production of a protocol of plantlets production to improve cultivation with quality and quantity, and observe the effects of the liming and shadow levels on the active compounds of the B. trimem. The last one was collected in Pinhais-PR, the B. articulata in Castro and Mandirituba-PR, and the B. stenocepha/a in Campina Grande do Sul-PR. The statistical design was randomized blocks for all the experiments and completely randomized in the one of substrates. Charred hulls of rice were used, and also o sand, vermiculita, Plantmax@ and soil in the experiment of substrates, besides Cambissolo Álico loamy texture 01% 15,74) in the liming experiment. Apical, middle and basal cuttings were tested with 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm, application of exogenous auxins and the behavior of the cuttings in different substrates. The evaluation of the rooting percentage, mortality and shooting, amount of fresh and dry mass of roots and number of roots per cutting was done approximately two months after its installation. Different shadow and liming levels in the plantlets were tested and its effect in the revenue of fresh and dry mass and on phytochemical analyses. The B. trimera can be considered a type of easy rooting, unlike B.articulata. The B. stenocephaJa was considered a middle one. The size of 20 cm was the best for the three species. The middle and apical cuttings were superiors for the propagation of B. articulata and B. stenocepha/a and for B.trimera it didnt differ. The use of AIB, in .the tested doses, was not necessary for B. trimem and B. articulata. ANAs application was not favorable to B. articulata, that presented propagation difficulty even with the use of cuttings of collet and root. B. trimera showed adaptation to the tested substrates. The sand was considered inadvisable. The amount of the biomass in the plantlets of the liming experiment presented a quadratic behavior, increasing the revenue until the calculated saturation of bases of 50,1% for fresh mass and 44,3% for dry mass, decreasing starting from then. The ones cultivated under sun presented larger amount of fresh and dry mass, as well as larger amount of essential oil. The shaded treatments had break 9f approximately 50% in the production. The use of cuttings is recommended with 20 cm, apical and middle ones for to B. articulata and B. stenocepha/a, and any for B. trimem. It is not necessary the use of exogenous auxin. The different substrates were well tolerated by the species. The saturation of bases of 44,4% is satisfactory for larger production of dry mass of the B. trimem, that should be cultivated in full sun.