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BIOMASS AND CARBON IN NON-WOODY VEGETATION, DEAD WOOD AND LITTER IN IGUAÇU NATIONAL PARK

Carlos Roberto Sanquetta, Ana Paula Dalla Corte, Caciane Pinto, Luiz Antônio Nunes Melo

Resumo

This study was carried out in 2004 in Iguacu National Park (INP), Paraná-Brazil. The vegetation is composed of Araucaria Forest (AF) (13.1%) and Seasonal Semi-deciduous Forest (FES) (86.9%). Two types of materials were analyzed: litter (L) and woody material (W) (alive (A) and dead (D)), and classified by diameter: W1(0–0.70 cm), W2(0.71–2.5 cm), W3(2.51–7.50 cm), and W4(³7.5 cm). The results for the FES was 21.7 t/ha, with 42.4% in diameter class WD4 (8.98 t/ha) and 38.6% was litter (8.17 t/ha). The FOM was 12.87 t/ha, with 78.9% litter. The carbon stocks of the materials varied between 36.2% and 42.1% (for litter and WD4), both in the FES. There were no significant differences between the carbon stocks of the forest types. Rather differences existed between the pools (5% ANOVA and Tukey test). In the FES the carbon stock was 8.29 t/ha, which is equivalent to 30.41 tCO_2e/ha, and in the FOM the stock was 4.94t/ha or 18.12 tCO_2e/ha. For the vegetation types the carbon stock in INP was 8.35 tC/ha and 30.62 tCO_2e/ha for the FES and FOM, respectively. The carbon pools analyzed in this study contribute significantly to the total carbon stock of a forest ecosystem and should always be taken into consideration when developing estimates for a forest.

Keywords: Araucaria; Seasonal Semideciduous Forest; Araucaria Forest; climate change; carbon fraction.

Resumo

Biomassa e carbono na vegetação não arbórea, madeira morta e serapilheira no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu. O trabalho ocorreu em 2004 no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (PNI), Paraná. O PNI tem Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM) (13,1%) e Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (FES) (86,9%). Foram analisados L – serapilheira e W – materiais lenhosos (vivos – A e mortos – D), classificados pelos diâmetros: W1 (0 a 0,70 cm), W2 (0,71 a 2,5 cm), W3 (2,51 a 7,50 cm) e W4 (³7,51 cm). Os resultados da FES mostram 21,7 t.ha^-1, sendo 42,4% do WD4 (8,98 t.ha^-1) e 38,6% da serapilheira (8,17 t.ha^-1). Na FOM, foram 12,87 t.ha^-1 (78,9%) da serapilheira. Os teores de carbono dos materiais variaram de 36,2 a 42,1% (para serapilheira e WD4), ambos na FES. Não houve diferenças significativas nos teores de carbono, havendo diferença nos compartimentos (5% ANOVA) e teste de Tukey. Na FES, o estoque de carbono foi 8,29 t.ha^-1, correspondendo a 30,41 tCO_2e.ha^-1, e na FOM de 4,94 tC.ha^-1 e 18,12 tCO_2e.ha^-1. Para as fitofisionomias, o estoque de C no INP foi de 8,35 tC.ha^-1 e 30,62 tCO_2e.ha^-1. Os reservatórios de C analisados no estudo apresentam participação importante no estoque total de C do ecossistema florestal, devendo sempre serem considerados quando do desenvolvimento de estimativas para a floresta.