A Estabilidade de Taludes Lateríticos Não Saturados em Condições de Chuva Considerando a Variabilidade da Resistência ao Cisalhamento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/qeg.v17i1.101895Palavras-chave:
Propriedades hidromecânicas, Solos lateríticos não saturados, Estabilidade de taludes, Simulações de Monte Carlo, Infiltração de água da chuvaResumo
As rupturas de taludes induzidas pela chuva representam riscos significativos e impactos econômicos em todo o mundo. Este estudo investiga o impacto da chuva no comportamento hidromecânico e na estabilidade de taludes lateríticos não saturados, comumente encontrados em regiões tropicais. Ao empregar análises experimentais e computacionais, esta pesquisa vai além das suposições tradicionais sobre o comportamento do solo, fornecendo uma visão sobre o comportamento de solos lateríticos argilosos e arenosos em condições não saturadas. Uma análise probabilística de Monte Carlo destaca o papel crítico da variabilidade dos parâmetros de resistência do solo na avaliação da estabilidade do talude. O projeto experimental detalhado e a modelagem computacional capturam as interações complexas entre os comportamentos hidráulicos e mecânicos do solo, contribuindo com dados empíricos substanciais para os campos da engenharia geotécnica. Notavelmente, os modelos de previsão da resistência ao cisalhamento adaptados para solos não saturados influenciam significativamente o comportamento do talude, demonstrando padrões semelhantes na redução do fator de segurança em diferentes modelos hidráulicos durante a infiltração da água da chuva. A análise também confirmou os parâmetros hidráulicos com diferenças marcantes na porosidade e nas capacidades de retenção de água entre os solos, afetando sua suscetibilidade à saturação e à redução da resistência ao cisalhamento em condições semelhantes. Essa abordagem abrangente não apenas amplia nossa compreensão dos solos lateríticos em condições climáticas variáveis, mas também aprimora as capacidades preditivas para a estabilidade de taludes, orientando práticas eficazes de gestão de riscos e engenharia em regiões tropicais.
Referências
ABRAMENTO M., BONATTO A.M., ABREU F.A.N., CAMPOS L.F., BELUCO R., MAION A.V., SANTOS L.M.A. 2022. Development of a landslide hazard analysis program for a 41-km railway line across "Serra do Mar" range, Brazil. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 82, 91.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-023-03106-6
ALLO E.T., SHRESTHA D.P., SUDIBYAKTO S. 2014. A slope stability assessment in the tropics.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.01.009
ALMEIDA M.A., MIGUEL M.G., TEIXEIRA S.H.C. 2011. Horizontal Bearing Capacity of Piles in a Lateritic Soil. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 137(1): 59-69.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000410
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS - ASTM D3080-11. 2011. Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils under Consolidated Drained Conditions. ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 9.
https://doi.org/10.1520/D3080_D3080M-11
ASTM D5298-16. 2016. Standard test method for measurement of soil potential (suction) using filter paper. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
https://doi.org/10.1520/D5298-16
ANDRADES FILHO C., MEXIAS, F.L.S. (EDITORES). 2024. WebMapa de Movimentos de Massa para equipes de apoio na situação de calamidade - RS - Maio de 2024. Lab. Latitude – CEPSRM/PPGSR/ DEGD | IGeo | UFRGS. https://arcg.is/ezjvW.
AUFLIČ M.J., BEZAK N., ŠEGINA E., FRANTAR P., GARIANO S.L., MEDVED A., PETERNEL T. 2023. Climate change increases the number of landslides at the juncture of the Alpine, Pannonian and Mediterranean regions. Research Square.
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3087521/v1
AUGUSTO FILHO O., FERNANDES M. 2019. A landslide analysis of unsaturated soil slopes based on rainfall and matric suction data. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78(6), 4167-4185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-1392-5
BENSON C.H., DANIEL D.E., BOUTWELL G.P. 1999. Field performance of compacted clay liners. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ASCE, 125(5), 390-403.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:5(390)
BISHOP A.W. 1955. The use of slip circle in the stability analysis of earth slopes. Géotechnique, 5(1), 7–17.
https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1955.5.1.7
BISHOP A.W. 1959. The principle of effective stress. Teknisk Ukeblad, 106(39), 859-863.
BRANCO L.P., GOMES A.T., CARDOSO A.S., PEREIRA C.S. 2014. Natural variability of shear strength in a granite residual soil from Porto. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 32, 911-922.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-014-9768-1
CAMAPUM DE CARVALHO J., GITIRANA JR G.F.N. 2021. Unsaturated soils in the context of tropical soils. Soils and Rocks, 44(3), e2021068121.
https://doi.org/10.28927/SR.2021.068121
CAVALCANTE E.H., DANZIGER F., GIACHETI H, COUTINHO R., SOUZA A. 2007. Campos Experimentais Brasileiros. Geotecnia, 111, p. 99-205.
https://doi.org/10.14195/2184-8394_111_3
CHANDLER R., CRILLY M., MONTGOMERY-SMITH M. 1992. A low-cost method of assessing clay desiccation for low-rise buildings. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 92(2), 82–89.
https://doi.org/10.1680/icien.1992.18771
CHERUBINI C. 2000 Reliability evaluation of shallow foundation bearing capacity on c′, φ′ soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37, 264–269.
https://doi.org/10.1139/t99-096
CHRISTONI A.R.F., TEIXEIRA R.S., BRANCO C.J.M.C. 2019. Failure load of small diameter piles excavated with manual auger in a tropical collapsible soil. Geotecnia 146, pp. 71-93.
http://doi.org/10.24849/j.geot.2019.146.04
COMEGMA L., PICARELLI L., BUCCHIGNANI E., MERCOGLIANO P. 2013. Potential effects of incoming climate changes on the behaviour of slow active landslides in clay. Landslides, 10, 373–391.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-012-0339-3
DI MATTEO L., VALIGI D., RICCO R. 2013. Laboratory shear strength parameters of cohesive soils: variability and potential effects on slope stability. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 72(1), 101–106.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-013-0459-6
DI MATTEO L., VALIGI D., RICCO R., ROMEO S. 2015. Effect of laboratory repeatability of direct shear test on slope stability. In: Schweckendiek T, et al. (Eds.) Geotechnical Safety and Risk V, pp. 808-812. IOS Press Ebooks.
https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-580-7-808
DUNCAN J.M., WRIGHT S.G., BRANDON T.L. 2014. Soil strength and slope stability, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.
DUNCAN M. 2000. Factors of safety and reliability in geotechnical engineering. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ASCE, 126(4), 307-316.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:4(307)
DURNER W. 1994. Hydraulic conductivity estimation for soils with heterogeneous pore structure. Water Resources Research, 30(2), 211–223.
https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR02676
EBRAHIMI-B N., GITIRANA JR, G., FREDLUND D., FREDLUND M., SAMARASEKERA L. 2004. A lower limit for the water permeability coefficient. In: 57th Canadian Geotechnical Conference and the 5th Joint CGS-IAH Conference Session E (pp. 12-19), Quebec, Canadá.
FEKI M., RAVAZZANI G., BARONTINI S., CEPPI A., MANCINI M. 2020. A comparative assessment of the estimates of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of two anthropogenic soils and their impact on hydrological model simulations. Soil and Water Research, 15(3), 135-147. https://doi.org/10.17221/33/2019-SWR
FENTON G.A., GRIFFITHS D.V. 2008. Risk assessment in geotechnical engineering. Wiley, Hoboken.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470284704
FERNANDES M.A. 2016. Study of the mechanisms of instability in an unsaturated sandy soil slope located in the Midwest Paulista region. (Doctoral dissertation). Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
FINK H. 2018. Permeability of sandy soils in natural and compacted states in variable load permeameters with flexible walls. (Undergraduate thesis). Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil. [in Portuguese]
FREDLUND D.G., MORGENSTERN N.R., WIDGER R.A. 1978. The shear strength of unsaturated soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 15(3), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1139/t78-029
FREDLUND D.G., RAHARDJO H., FREDLUND M.D. 2012. Unsaturated soil mechanics in engineering practice. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.
GARDNER W.R. 1958. Some steady state solutions of the unsaturated moisture flow equation with application to evaporation from a water table. Soil Science, 85(4), 228-232.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-195804000-00006
GEOSTUDIO. 2020a. SEEP/W Heat and mass transfer modeling with Geostudio. GeoSlope International Ltd.: Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
GEOSTUDIO. 2020b. SLOPE/W Stability Modeling with GeoStudio. Geo-Slope International Ltd.: Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
GHEZZEHEI T.A., KNEAFSEY T.J., SU G.W. 2007. Correspondence of the Gardner and van Genuchten–Mualem relative permeability function parameters. Water Resources Research, 43(10), W10417.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005339
GIDIGASU M.D. 1976. Laterite soil engineering: pedogenesis and engineering principles. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 554pp.
GITIRANA JR G.F.N., FREDLUND D.G. 2004. Soil-water characteristic curve equation with independent properties. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 130(2), 209–212. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:2(209)
GITIRANA JR G.F.N., FREDLUND D.G. 2016. Statistical assessment of hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils. Soils and Rocks, 39(1), 81-95.
https://doi.org/10.28927/SR.391081
GOMES A.S., LICHT O.A.B., VASCONCELLOS E.M.G., SOARES J.S. 2018. Chemostratigraphy and evolution of the Paraná Igneous Province volcanism in the central portion of the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 355, 253–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.09.006
GRECO V.R. 2016. Variability and correlation of strength parameters inferred from direct shear tests. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 34, 585–603.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-015-9968-3
GUILLAUME B., BOUKDIBA H.A., BAKKER G., BIEGANOWSKI A., BROSTAUX Y., CORNELIS W., DURNER W., HARTMANN C., IVERSEN B.V., JAVAUX M., INGWERSEN J., LAMORSKI K., LAMPARTER A., MAKÓ A., SORIANO A.M.M., MESSING I., NEMES A., POMES-BORDEDEBAT A., VAN DER PLOEG M., WEBER T.K.D., WEIHERMÜLLER L., WELLENS J., DEGRÉ A. 2023. Reproducibility of the wet part of the soil water retention curve: a European interlaboratory comparison. Soil.
https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-365-2023
HUANG M.L., SUN D.A., WANG C.H., KELETA Y. 2020. Reliability analysis of unsaturated soil slope stability using spatial random field-based Bayesian method. Landslides, 18(1), 1-13.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01525-0
HUANG R., LI W. 2011. Formation, distribution and risk control of landslides in China. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 3(2), 97–116.
https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1235.2011.00097
HUAXIANG Y., ZHANG J., MONDAL S.K., WANG B-D., ZHOU L., WANG L., LIN Q. 2023. Projected rainfall-triggered landslide susceptibility changes in the Hengduan Mountain Region, Southwest China under 1.5–4.0 °C warming scenarios based on CMIP6 models. Atmosphere.
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020214
HUFF F.A. 1967. Time distribution of rainfall in heavy storms. Water Resources Research, 3(4), 1007-1019.
https://doi.org/10.1029/WR003i004p01007
HUVAJ N., OĞUZ E.A. 2018. Probabilistic slope stability analysis: A case study. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 22(5), 1458–1465.
https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.430032
IAT – INSTITUTO ÁGUA E TERRA. 2021. Sistema de Informações Hidrológicas (SIH). Curitiba: IAT, [2020-2021].
https://www.iat.pr.gov.br/Pagina/Sistema-de-Informacoes-Hidrologicas
KLOSE M., MAURISCHAT P., DAMM B. 2016. Landslide impacts in Germany: A historical and socioeconomic perspective. Landslides 13(1): 183-199.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-015-0643-9
KOCH J., SVENNEVIG K., TRIMBUR D., YARAHMADI J. 2023. Assessing the impact of climate change to landslides using public data, a case study from Vejle, Denmark. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-68
KOCH G.S., LINK R.F. 2002. Statistical analysis of geological data. Courier Dover Publications, USA.
LI D-Q., WANG L., CAO Z-J., QI X-U. 2019. Reliability analysis of unsaturated slope stability considering SWCC model selection and parameter uncertainties. Engineering Geology, 260, 105207.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105207
LICHT O.A.B.; ARIOLI E.E. 2018. Mapa geológico do Grupo Serra Geral no estado do Paraná. Instituto Água e Terra, Curitiba.
http://www.iat.pr.gov.br/Pagina/Mapeamento-Geologico#
LICHT O.A.B., ARIOLI E.E. 2020. A photographic atlas of the architecture, flow geometry and morphology, and facies of Serra Geral Group (Paraná Igneous Province) in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Boletim Paranaense de Geociências, 76(1), 1–69.
https://doi.org/10.5380/geo.v76i0.78536
LIN H., ZHONG W. 2019. Influence of rainfall intensity and its pattern on the stability of unsaturated soil slope. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 37(2), 615–623.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0631-7
LIN W., FUKUHARA M., UCHIMURA T., GALLAGE C., ABEYKOON T. 2020. An EWS of landslide and slope failure by MEMS tilting sensor array. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Computational Geomechanics.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60311-3_35
LIU W., LUO X., HUANG F., FU M. 2017. Uncertainty of the soil–water characteristic curve and its effects on slope seepage and stability analysis under conditions of rainfall using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. Water, 9(758), w9100758.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w9100758
LIU X., WANG Y., LEUNG A.K. 2023. Probabilistic back analysis of rainfall-induced slope failure considering slope survival records from past rainfall events. Computers and Geotechnics, 159, 105436.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2023.105436
LU M., ZHANG J., ZHENG J., YU Y. 2022. Assessing annual probability of rainfall-induced slope failure through a mechanics-based model. Acta Geotechnica, 17, 949–964.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-021-01278-7
LU N. 2016. Generalized soil water retention equation for adsorption and capillarity. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 142(10), 04016051.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001524
MALAYA C., SREEDEEP S. 2012. Critical review on the parameters influencing soil-water characteristic curve. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 138(1), 55–62.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000371
MARINHO F.A.M., OLIVEIRA O.M. 2006. The filter paper method revised. ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal, 29(3), 250-258.
https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ14125
MAYUMI C.M., HIRYE D., SALAS A.A, FILARDO A.S., MCPHEARSON T., WAGNER F. 2023. Assessing landslide drivers in social-ecological-technological systems: the case of metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. Remote Sensing.
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123048
KARIM M.R., HUGHES D., RAHMAN M.M. 2022. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity estimation—A case study modelling the soil-atmospheric boundary interaction. Processes, 10(7), 1306.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071306
MIGUEL M.G., VILAR O.M. 2009. Study of the water retention properties of a tropical soil. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 46(9), 1084-1092.
https://doi.org/10.1139/T09-039
NG C.W.W., WANG B., TUNG Y. 2001. Three-dimensional numerical investigations of groundwater responses in an unsaturated slope subjected to various rainfall patterns. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 38, 1049–1062.
https://doi.org/10.1139/t01-057
NGUYEN T.S., LIKITLERSUANG S. 2019. Reliability analysis of unsaturated soil slope stability under infiltration considering hydraulic and shear strength parameters. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78(8), 5727–5743.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01513-2
NIELSEN D.R., BIGGAR J.W., ERH K.T. 1973. Spatial variability of field-measured soil-water properties. Hilgardia, 42(7), 215-260.
https://doi.org/10.3733/hilg.v42n07p215
NITSCHE P.R., CARAMORI P.H., RICCE W.S., PINTO L.F.D. 2019. Atlas Climático do Estado do Paraná. Instituto Agronômico do Paraná - IAPAR, Londrina. Available in:
NOGAMI J.S., VILLIBOR D.F. 1980. Caracterização e classificação gerais de solos para pavimentação: limitações do método tradicional, apresentação de uma nova sistemática. In: Reunião Anual de Pavimentação, 15., Belo Horizonte.
OLIVEIRA A.D. 2023. Numerical and analytical evaluation of rainwater infiltration in lateritic clay soil profile. Doctoral Thesis. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 204 l.
OLIVEIRA A.D., PELAQUIM F.G.P., ZANIN R.F.B., MELO T.R., TAVARES FILHO J., ANDRELLO A.C., TEIXEIRA R.S. 2022. The structure of tropical lateritic soils as an impacting factor in the shape of soil-water characteristic curves. Soils and Rocks, 45(2), e2022070521. https://doi.org/10.28927/SR.2022.070521
OSAKO L.S. 2021. Updating landslide inventory maps using high resolution digital orthophotos and digital surface and elevation modeling: the case study of Brusque city, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences.
https://doi.org/10.5194/ISPRS-ANNALS-V-3-2021-251-2021
OSINUBI K.J., NWAIWU C.M. 2006. Design of compacted lateritic soil liners and covers. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 132(2), 203–213.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:2(203)
PANDE P.B., KHANDESHWAR S.R., BAJAD S.P. 2021. Shear strength behavior of an unsaturated clayey soil. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. 483–492.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6370-0_43
PATIL U.D., PUPPALA A.J., HOYOS L.R., PEDARLA A. 2017. Modeling critical-state shear strength behavior of compacted silty sand via suction-controlled triaxial testing. Engineering Geology, 231, 21–33.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.10.011
PEI Y., QIU H., YANG D., LIU Z., MA S., LI J., CAO M., WUFUER W. 2023. Increasing landslide activity in the Taxkorgan River Basin (eastern Pamirs Plateau, China) driven by climate change. Catena.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.106911
PHAM T.A., MELIS S. 2022. Disturbed state concept and non-isothermal shear strength model for unsaturated soils. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 81(5).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-02688-x
PRIESACK E., DURNER W. 2006. Closed-form expression for the multi-modal unsaturated conductivity function. Vadose Zone Journal, 5(1), 121-124.
https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2005.0066
RAHARDJO H., KIM Y., SATYANAGA A. 2019. Role of unsaturated soil mechanics in geotechnical engineering. International Journal of Geo-Engineering, 10(8), 1–23.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-019-0104-8
RAHARDJO H., ONG T.H., REZAUR R.B., LEONG E.C. 2007. Factors controlling instability of homogeneous soil slopes under rainfall. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133(12), 1532-1543.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:12(1532)
REYNOLDS W.D. 2008. Chapter 76 saturated hydraulic properties: well permeameter. In: Carter MR, Gregorich EG (Eds.), Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis (2nd ed., pp. 1025-1042). Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL.
REYNOLDS W.D., ELRICK D.E. 1986. A method for simultaneous in situ measurement in the vadose zone of field saturated hydraulic conductivity, sorptivity and the conductivity-pressure head relationships. Ground Water Monitoring Remediation, 6(1), 84-95.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1986.tb01229.x
RIENZNER M., GANDOLFI C. 2014. Investigation of spatial and temporal variability of saturated soil hydraulic conductivity at the field-scale. Soil & Tillage Research, 135, 28–40.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.08.012
RODRIGUEZ T.T., WEISS L.A., TEIXEIRA R.S., BRANCO C.J.M.C. 2015. Permeabilidade de solo laterítico por diferentes métodos. Semina: Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, 36(2), 17-32.
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0375.2015v36n2p17
SÁ I.S., FORTES E., PRESTES B.M.M., ROQUE D.C., GRZEGORCZYK V. 2021. Aspectos texturais e estruturas sedimentares de litofácies de uma seção geológica complementar da formação Goio Êre (Grupo Caiuá). Brazilian Journal of Development, 7(5), 46658-46675.
https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n5-193
SALVATI P., BIANCHI C., ROSSI M., GUZZETTI, F. 2010. Societal landslide and flood risk in Italy, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 465–483.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-465-2010
SIACARA A.T., NAPA-GARCÍA G.F., BECK A.T., FUTAI M.M. 2020. Reliability analysis of earth dams using direct coupling. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 12, 366-380.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2019.07.012
SIACARA A.T., NAPA-GARCÍA G.F., BECK A.T., FUTAI M.M. 2024. Reliability Analysis of an Earth Dam Under Rainfall Effects. International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering, 10(59), 1-17.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-024-00571-1
SOULIE M., MONTES P., SILVEST V. 1990. Modelling spatial variability of soil parameters. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 27, 617-630.
https://doi.org/10.1139/t90-076
SOUSA R.V.B., CELLIGOI A. 2011. Avaliação da condutividade hidráulica do solo em área agrícola e florestada na cidade de Londrina (PR) através do permeâmetro Guelph. Boletim de Geografia, 29(2), 123-133.
https://doi.org/10.4025/bolgeogr.v29i2.11184
SOUZA W.A.R., PEREIRA S.A.S., MENDES T.A., COSTA R.F., GITIRANA JR G.F.N., REBOLLEDO J.F.R. 2022. Statistical evaluation of testing conditions on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of Brazilian lateritic soils using artificial intelligence approaches. Scientific Reports, 12, 20381.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24779-1
SUN D., YOU G., ANNAN Z., DAICHAO S. 2016. Soil–water retention curves and microstructures of undisturbed and compacted Guilin lateritic clay. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 75, 781–791.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-015-0765-2
TEIXEIRA R.S., PINESE J.P.P. 2006. Potencial de utilização do estrato superior do solo laterítico da cidade de Londrina, estado do Paraná, como material de apoio de aterros sanitários. Acta Scientiarum. Technology, 28(1), 85-92.
https://doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v28i1.1291
VAN GENUCHTEN M.T. 1980. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44(5), 892–898.
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x
VANAPALLI S.K., FREDLUND D.G., PUFAHL D.E., CLIFTON A.W. 1996. Model for the prediction of shear strength with respect to soil suction. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33(3), 379-392.
https://doi.org/10.1139/t96-060
VILAR O.M. 2006. A simplified procedure to estimate the shear strength envelope of unsaturated soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 43(10), 1088–1095.
https://doi.org/10.1139/t06-055
WANG L., WU C., GU X., LIU H., MEI G., ZHANG W. 2020. Probabilistic stability analysis of earth dam slope under transient seepage using multivariate adaptive regression splines. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 79, 2763–2775.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01730-0
WANG Y., AKEJU O.V. 2016. Quantifying the cross-correlation between effective cohesion and friction angle of soil from limited site-specific data. Soils and Foundations, 56, 1055-1070.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2016.11.009
WANG Y., CAO Z., AU S-K. 2011. Practical reliability analysis of slope stability by advanced Monte Carlo simulations in a spreadsheet. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 48, 162–172.
https://doi.org/10.1139/T10-044
WALKINSHAW J. 1992. Landslide correction costs on US state highway systems, Transp. Res. Rec. 1343: 36–41.
WU X.Z. 2015. Modelling dependence structures of soil shear strength data with bivariate copulas and applications to geotechnical reliability analysis. Soils and Foundations, 55(5), 1243–1258.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2015.09.023
XAVIER J.P.S., LUIZ F.R., NERY T.D. 2022. Landslides in the state of Pernambuco. Mercator. 21, https://doi.org/10.4215/rm2022.e21003
YEH H.F., WANG J., SHEN K., LEE C. 2015. Rainfall characteristics for anisotropic conductivity of unsaturated soil slopes. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73(12), 8669–8681.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4032-4
YU S., REN X., ZHANG J., WANG H., ZHANG Z. 2020. Sensibility analysis of the hydraulic conductivity anisotropy on seepage and stability of sandy and clayey slope. Water, 12(1), 277.
https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010277
ZANIN R.F.B., PADILHA A.C.C., PELAQUIM F.G.P., GUTIERREZ N.H.M., TEIXEIRA R.S. 2021. The effect of pH and electrical conductivity of the soaking fluid on the collapse of a silty clay. Soils and Rocks, 44(4):e2021061620. https://doi.org/10.28927/SR.2021.061620
ZENG L., BIAN H., SHI Z., HE Z. 2017. Forming condition of transient saturated zone and its distribution in residual slope under rainfall conditions. Journal of Central South University, 24(8), 1866-1880.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-017-3594-6
ZHANG L.L., FREDLUND D.G., FREDLUND M., WILSON G.W. 2014. Modeling the unsaturated soil zone in slope stability analysis. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 51(12), 1384–1398.
https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0394
ZHANG Z.F., GROENEVELT P.H., PARKIN G.W. 1998. The well-shape factor for the measurement of soil hydraulic properties using the Guelph Permeameter. Soil & Tillage Research, 49, 219-221.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00174-3
ZHOU X., WEN H., ZHANG Y., XU J., ZHANG W. 2021. Landslide susceptibility mapping using hybrid random forest with GeoDetector and RFE for factor optimization. Geoscience Frontiers, 12, 101211, 1-19.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101211
ZHOU Y., LI M., CHEN Z., HE F. 2022. Stability analysis of unsaturated soil slope under rainfall infiltration. CRC Press eBooks 307–314.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 Pedro Henrique Lopes Dal-Col, Alana Dias de Oliveira, Gilson de Farias Neves Gitirana Junior , Raquel Souza Teixeira

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
A Quaternary Environmental Geosciences adota a Licença Creative Commons, CC BY 4.0 Atribuição não comercial. Com essa licença é permitido acessar, fazer download, copiar, imprimir, compartilhar, reutilizar e distribuir os artigos, para qualquer fim, com a citação da fonte, conferindo os devidos créditos autorais à Quaternary Envronmental Geosciences.
Os direitos autorais são de propriedade exclusiva da revista, transferidos por meio da Declaração de Transferência de Direitos Autorais assinada pelos autores.
