CARCINOMA HEPATOCELULAR – UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/rmu.v2i4.44264Palavras-chave:
Carcinoma hepatocelular. Revisão bibliográfica. Vírus B da hepatite. Vírus C da hepatite.Resumo
Introdução: globalmente, são diagnosticados mais de meio milhão de casos de carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) ao ano. É o terceiro câncer em mortalidade e o sexto em incidência. Os fatores de risco são bastante conhecidos e descritos na literatura - a cirrose, o principal deles, é encontrada em 90% dos casos. Em termos globais, a etiologia mais comum é o vírus da hepatite B (HBV), seguido do vírus da hepatite C (HCV). Material e métodos: realizada uma busca na base de dados do Medline a partir da ferramente MeSH do site Pubmed no dia 11 de março de 2014. Foram usadas como palavras-chave: “carcinoma hepatocellular/epidemiology”. Restringindo a revisões sistemáticas ou revisões publicadas nos últimos 5 anos, foram encontrados 154 artigos. A partir da leitura do título e abstract, o número foi reduzido a 52. Adicionalmente, incluímos artigos referenciados nos trabalhos selecionados. Resultados e Discussão: a distribuição do CHC no mundo é bastante heterogênea e dinâmica. Oitenta e dois por cento dos novos casos concentram-se em países em desenvolvimento, com a China contemplando sozinha 55%. Localidades de alta incidência de CHC normalmente são endêmicas para o HBV. Já em regiões de baixa incidência para o câncer, a etiologia predominante é o HCV. Somados, os vírus são encontrados em 80% de todos os casos. Outra característica é o maior comprometimento de homens – no Brasil, 78%. Os fatores de risco, além dos vírus, são o etilismo, hemocromatose, aflatoxina B1, hepatite autoimune, obesidade, Diabetes, Doença Hepática Gordurosa Não-Alcoólica (NALFD), Esteatohepatite Não-Alcoólica (NASH) e tabagismo.
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