Russell and Cassirer as Leibniz’s Interpreters: On the Analytic and Synthetic Nature of Mathematical and Physical Knowledge
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5380/sk.v20i2.90412Palavras-chave:
Russell, Cassirer, Logicism, Neo-Kantianism, LeibnizResumo
In this paper, I aim to reconstruct the debate on Leibniz to which Russell’s and Cassirer’s monographs contributed eminently. This task is important both historically and epistemologically. In fact, their interpretations represented the apexes, at least at that time, of the logicist and the neo-Kantian philosophies of mathematics; on the other hand, they also paved the way for later developments of the discussion on the foundations of mathematics. The paper is divided into five sections. The first contained a brief introduction. In the second and third parts, I present Russell’s and Cassirer’s works to explain why they maintained that mathematics is synthetic. In the fourth section, I compare and contrast the reviews that they wrote about their books. Finally, in the fifth section, I propose a perspectivist interpretation of the dispute.
Referências
AMARAL, L. Ernst Cassirer’s sui Generis Logicism: On the Reception of the Logicist Thesis and its Role in Substanzbegriff und Funktionsbegriff. Cognitio-Estudos, 14(2), (2017), pp. 186-198. DOI: 10.23925/1809-8428.2017v14i2p29-41.
ANFRAY, J.-P. “Le Leibniz de Couturat et le Leibniz de Russell”. In: FICHANT, M., ROUX, S. (Eds.). Louis Couturat (1868-1914). Mathématiques, langage, philosophie, Paris: Garnier, 2017, pp. 161-188.
ARTHUR, R. T. W. Leibniz, Cambridge: Polity, 2014.
CASSIRER, E. Leibniz’ System in seinen wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen, Marburg: Elwert, 1902.
CASSIRER, E. Das Erkenntnisproblem in der Philosophie und Wissenschaft der neueren Zeit, I. Berlin: Bruno Cassirer, 1906.
CASSIRER, E. Substance and Function (1910) and Einstein’s Theory of Relativity (1921). Trans.: W. C. Swabey, M. C. Swabey, New York: Dover Publications, 1953.
CASSIRER, E. Kant und die moderne Mathematik (1907). In: SIMON, M. (ed.). Gesammelte Werke, Bd. 9, Hamburg: Meiner, pp. 37-82, 2001.
CASSIRER, E. Ausgewählter wissenschaftlicher Briefwechsel. In: KROIS, J. M. (ed.), Nachgelassene Manuskripte und Werke, Bd. 18, Hamburg: Meiner, 2009.
COUTURAT, L. La logique de Leibniz d’après des documents inédits (1901), Hildesheim: Olm, 1961.
DI FRANCESCO, M. Il realismo analitico. Logica, ontologia e significato nel primo Russell, Milano: Guerini, 1991.
FERRARI, M. Il giovane Cassirer e la scuola di Marburgo. Milano: Franco Angeli, 1988.
GRIFFIN, N. “What did Russell Learn from Leibniz?”. Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy, vol. 2(1), (2013); pp. 1-11.
HANNA, R. Kant and the Foundations of Analytic Philosophy. Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
HEIS, J. “Critical Philosophy Begins at the Very Point Where Logistic Leaves off”: Cassirer’s Response to Frege and Russell”. Perspectives on Science, 18(4), (2001), pp. 383-408.
IHMIG, K.-N. Grundzüge einer Philosophie der Wissenschaften bei Ernst Cassirer. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2001.
KANT, I. Kritik der reinen Vernunft. In: Kant’s Gesammelte Schriften. „Akademieausgabe“, Königlich Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1900 ff., Bd. III, Berlin: Reimer, 1911.
LEIBNIZ, G. W. Opera omnia. In: ERDMANN, B. (ed.). Vol. II, Geneve: De Tournes, 1768. In part.: a) Examen des principes du Malebranche, pp. 690-697, 1711.
LEIBNIZ, G. W. Die philosophischen Schriften. In: GERHARDT, C. I. (ed.), Bd. II, Berlin: Weissman, 1879. In part.: a) Briefwechsel zwischen Leibniz, Landgraf Ernst von Hessen-Rheinfels und Antoine Arnauld 1686-1690, pp. 1-138; b) Briefwechsel zwischen Leibniz und de Volder 1698-1706, pp. 139-284; c) Briefwechsel zwischen Leibniz und des Bosses 1706-1716, pp. 285-522.
LEIBNIZ, G. W. Die philosophischen Schriften. In: GERHARDT, C. I. (ed.). Bd. IV, Berlin: Weissman, 1880. In part.: a) en Schreiben über Judicium de argumento Cartesii pro existentia Die petito ab eius idea, pp. 401-404.
LEIBNIZ, G. W. Die philosophischen Schriften. In: GERHARDT, C. I. (ed.), Bd. V, Berlin: Weissman, 1882. In part.: a) Nouveaux Essais, pp. 39-509.
LEIBNIZ, G. W. Die philosophischen Schriften. In: GERHARDT, C. I. (ed.), Bd. VI, Berlin: Weissman, 1885. In part.: a) Principes de la nature et de la grace, fondé en raison, pp. 598-607; b) Monadologie, pp. 607-623.
LEIBNIZ, G. W. Die philosophischen Schriften. GERHARDT, C. I. (ed.), Bd. III, Berlin: Weissman, 1887. In part.: a) Briefwechsel zwischen Leibniz und Remond 1713-1716, pp. 597-678.
LEIBNIZ, G. W. Die philosophischen Schriften, GERHARDT, C. I. (ed.), Bd. VII, Berlin: Weissman, 1890. In part.: a) De Synthesi et Analysi universali seu arte inveniendi et judicandi, pp. 292-298; b) Streitschriften zwischen Leibniz und Clarke 1715-1716, pp. 347-440.
MAHNKE, D. “Leibnizens Synthese von Universalmathematik und Individualmetaphysik”. Jahrbuch für phänomenologische Forschung, 7, (1925), pp. 305–609.
NATORP, P. Die logischen Grundlagen der exakten Wissenschaften. Leipzig und Berlin: Teubner, 1910.
OBERDAN, T. “Russell’s Principles of Mathematics and the Revolution in Marburg Neo-Kantianism”. Perspectives on Science, Vol. 22(4), (2014), pp. 523-544.
PATTON, L. “Russell’s Method of Analysis and the Axioms of Mathematics”. In: LAPOINTE, S., PINCOCK, C. (eds.). Innovations in the History of Analytical Philosophy, London, Palgrave, 2017, pp. 105-126.
RUSSELL, B. An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry. London: Cambridge University Press, 1897.
RUSSELL, B. Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy, London: Allen & Unwind, 1914.
RUSSELL, B. The Principles of Mathematics (1903). London: Allen & Unwin, 1951 (repr. Of the 2nd edition, 1937).
RUSSELL, B. The Basic Writings of Bertrand Russell 1903-1959. In: EGNER, R. E., DENNON, L. E. (eds.). London and New York: Routledge, 1961. In part.: My Mental Development, pp. 37-50.
RUSSELL, B. The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell. Vol. 2. In: GRIFFIN, N., LEWIS, A. C. (eds.). Philosophical Papers 1896-1899. London and Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1990. In part.: a) An Analysis of Mathematical Reasoning (1898), pp. 163-238.
RUSSELL, B. The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell. Vol. 3. In: MOORE, G. H. (ed.), Towards “The Principles of Mathematics 1900-1902. London and New York: Routledge, 1993. In part.: Lebniz’s Doctrine of Substance as Deduced from His Logic (1899-1900), pp. 511-534.
RUSSELL, B. The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell. Vol. 4. In: URQUART, A. (ed.). Foundations of Logic 1903-1905. London and New York: Routledge, 1994. In part.: Recent Work on the Philosophy of Leibniz (1903), pp. 535-561.
RUSSELL, B. A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz (1900). Nottingham: Spokesman, 2008.
SMART, H. “Cassirer versus Russell”. Philosophy of Science, vol. 10(3), (1943), pp. 167- 175.
WAHL, R. “‘On Denoting’ and the Principle of Acquaintance”. Russell: Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies, 27, (2007), pp. 7-23.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Luigi Laino
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os autores retêm os direitos autorais (copyright) de suas obras e concedem à revista Studia Kantiana o direito de primeira publicação.
Autores cedem o direito aos editores de vincular seus artigos em futuras bases de dados.
Todo o conteúdo desta revista está licenciado sob a Licença Internacional Creative Commons 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)
