Inovação e porte das empresas: evidências sobre a experiência internacional e brasileira
Resumo
O trabalho analisa a relação entre inovação e porte das empresas, com o objetivo de diferenciar a contribuição de grandes e pequenas empresas para a atividade de inovação. A análise é realizada através das características do esforço inovativo empreendido pelas empresas, obtido pela relação entre receita de vendas egastos em atividades inovativas. Primeiramente, analisam-se as evidências teóricas e empíricas sobre o tema, com ênfase na literatura que resgata as contribuições schumpeterianas e os testes de suas hipóteses principais. Na seqüência, são apresentados dados recentes sobre esforço inovativo, destacando as diferenças entre empresas de portes distintos, no tocante a gastos em P&D, aquisição externa de P&D, aquisição de outros conhecimentos externos e aquisição de máquinas e equipamentos. São utilizadas as bases de dados da CIS 6 (Community Innovation Survey, 2008) e da PINTEC 2005/2008 (Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica). A análise destes dados indica que o conjunto das pequenas empresas que inovaapresenta um esforço inovativo superior ao das empresas de grande porte na maior parte dos países analisados, o que destaca a importância destas empresas para a atividade de inovação.
Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between innovation and size of the firms, in order to show that the contributions of large and small firms to the innovation activity are distinct. This is done by means of the analysis of the innovative efforts features, which happens to be the ratio of innovations expenditures by sales. First of all, the main theoretical and empirical evidences concerning this subject are investigated, emphasizing the schumpeterian contributions and his assumptions tests. Next, recent data on innovative efforts are presented to highlight the distinctions between different sized firms, with respect to R&D expenditures, acquisition of external R&D, acquisition of other external knowledge and acquisition of machinery and equipment. We use the databasesCIS6 (Community Innovation Survey, 2008) and PINTEC 2005/2008 (Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica). The conclusion of this work is that innovative smallfirms present an innovative effort greater than large firms in almost all countries considered, a fact that remarks the relevance of small firms to innovation nowadays.
Key-words: technology innovation; innovative effort; firm size; SMEs.
JEL: L25; O30; O31.
Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between innovation and size of the firms, in order to show that the contributions of large and small firms to the innovation activity are distinct. This is done by means of the analysis of the innovative efforts features, which happens to be the ratio of innovations expenditures by sales. First of all, the main theoretical and empirical evidences concerning this subject are investigated, emphasizing the schumpeterian contributions and his assumptions tests. Next, recent data on innovative efforts are presented to highlight the distinctions between different sized firms, with respect to R&D expenditures, acquisition of external R&D, acquisition of other external knowledge and acquisition of machinery and equipment. We use the databasesCIS6 (Community Innovation Survey, 2008) and PINTEC 2005/2008 (Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica). The conclusion of this work is that innovative smallfirms present an innovative effort greater than large firms in almost all countries considered, a fact that remarks the relevance of small firms to innovation nowadays.
Key-words: technology innovation; innovative effort; firm size; SMEs.
JEL: L25; O30; O31.
Palavras-chave
inovação tecnológica; esforço inovativo; porte das empresas.
Texto completo:
PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/re.v38i1.28755
