Coral reef growth pattern in eastern Brazil has not changed since the Holocene
Resumo
Lithocronological study of Holocene inshore reef sequences from eastern Brazil, recovered from drill holes and associated with surveys of modern reefs, allows the reconstruction of the growth pattern of reefs since their beginning in the Holocene and its comparison with present-day reefs. The interpretation of the growth pattern of the studied reefs reveals their evolution from a lithofacies of coral-algal bindstone/framestone that was deposited in a low-wave-energy environment to a lithofacies composed of coral rudstone up to a high-energy environment with accumulation of a coral framestone lithofacies. This pattern was mostly influenced by the wave energy regime, regional sea-level history and shallow antecedent reef substrate. Despite the stages of reef evolution not occurring synchronously over time, they did not exhibit any regional variation during their development. The coral fauna that built the reefs did not change much since the beginning of reef growth (approximately 7,000 yr BP), suggesting that the environmental conditions in this region have most likely remained favorable for the development of coral reefs. The coral fauna that built the Brazilian reefs is mostly composed of resistant and well-adapted endemic coral species, which biodiversity has remained constant throughout the development of the reefs
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
PDF (English)Referências
Araujo T.M.F., Leão, Z.M.A.N., Lima O.A.L. 1984. Evolução do recife de coral da ilha de Itaparica determinada a partir de dados geológicos e geofísicos. Anais Congr. Bras. Geol., 33(1):159-169.
Bastos, A.C., Moura, R.L., Moraes, F.C., Vieira, L.S., Braga, J.C., Ramalho, L.V., Amado-Filho, G.M., Magdalena, V.R., Webster, J.M. 2018. Bryozoan are major modern builders of South Atlantic oddly shaped reefs. Scientific Reports 8:9638. Doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27961-6.
Camoin G., Colonna M., Montaggioni L.F., Casanova J., Faure G., Thomassin B. 1997. Holocene sea-level changes and reef development in Southwestern Indian Ocean. Coral Reefs 16:247-259.
Castro C.B., Pires D.O. 2001. Brazilian coral reefs: what we already know and what is still missing. Bull. Mar. Sci., 69:357–371.
Castro C.B., Segal B., Negrão F., Calderon E.N. 2012. Four-years montly sediment deposition on turbid southwestern Atlantic coral reefs with comparison of benthic assemblages. Braz. Jour. Oceanogr. 60(11):40-63.
Cruz I.C.S., Kikuchi R.K.P., Leão Z.M.A.N., Done T.J. 2013. Reef quality criteria for marine reserve selection: an example from eastern Brazil. Aquatic Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. DOI:10.1002/aqc.2417.
Davis P.J., Marshal J.F. 1979. Aspects of Holocene Reef Growth – Substrate, Age and Accretion Rate. Search 10(7-8):276-279.
Dechnik B., Webster, J.M., Webb G.E., Nothdurft L., Zhao, J. 2016. Successive phases of Holocene reef flat development:
Evidence from the mid to outer Great Barrier Reef. Plaeogeogr. Paleoclimat. Paleoecol. 466:221-230.
Dunham, R.J. 1962. Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture, in: Ham W.E. (ed.) Classification of Carbonate Rocks: Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 1:175-192.
Dutra L.X.C., Kikuchi R.K.P., Leão Z.M.A.N. 2000. Thirteen months monitoring coral bleaching on Bahia’s north coast, Brazil. Proc. 9th Intern. Coral Reef Symp., Bali, p. 373.
Engels M.S., Fletcher C.H., Field M.E., Storlazzi C.D., Grossman E.E., Rooney J.J.B., Conger C.L., Gleen C. 2004. Holocene reef accretion: Southwest Molokai, Hawaii, U.S.A. Journal Sedimentary Research, 74(2):255–269.
Engels M.S., Fletcher C.H., Field M.E., Conger C., Bochicchio C. 2008. Demise of reef-flat carbonate accumulation with late Holocene sea-level fall: evidence from Molokai, Hawaii. Coral Reefs 27:991-996.
Francini-Filho R., Coni E.O.C., Meirelles P.M., Amado-Filho G.A., Thompson F.L., Pereira-Filho G.H., Bastos A.C., Abrantes D.P., Ferreira C.M., Gibran F.Z., Güth A.Z., Sumida P.Y.G., Oliveira N.L., Kaufman L., Minte-Vera C.V., Moura R L. 2013. Dynamics of coral reef benthic assemblages of the Abrolhos Bank, Eastern Brazil: Inferences on natural and anthropogenic drivers. PLOS ONE, 8 e54260.
Grossman E.E., Fletcher C.H. 2004. Holocene reef development where wave energy reduces accommodation space, Kailua Bay, Windward Oahu, Hawaii, U.S.A. Journal Sedimentary Research, 74(1):49–63.
Grossman E.E., Barnhardt W.A., Hart P., Richmond B.M., Field M.E. 2006. Shelf stratigraphy and influence of antecedent substrate on Holocene reef development, south Oahu, Hawaii. Mar. Geol.. 226:97-114.
Kikuchi R.K.P., Leão Z.M.A.N. 1998. The effects of Holocene sea level fluctuations on reef development and coral community structure, North Bahia, Brazil. An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc., 70:159–171.
Kikuchi R.K.P., Leão Z.M.A.N., Testa V., Dutra L.X.C., Spanó S. 2003. Rapid assessment of the Abrolhos Reefs, Eastern Brazil (Part 1: Stony corals and algae). Atoll Res. Bull., 496:172-187.
Kikuchi R.K.P., Leão Z.M.A.N., Oliveira M.D.M. 2010. Spatial patterns of AGRRA vitality indexes in Southwestern Atlantic Reefs. Inter. Jour. Trop. Biol., 58:1-31.
Kohler K.E., Gill S.M. 2006. Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe): A visual basic program for the determination of coral and substrate coverage using random point count methodology. Computer & Geosciences, 32:1259-1269.
Laborel J.L. 1970. Les peuplements de madreporaires des cotes tropicales du Brésil. Ann. Uni. Abidjan, Série E, II, Fascicule 3, 261 p.
Lang J.C., Marks K.W., Kramer P.A., Kramer P R,; Ginsburg R.N. 2010. AGRRA Protocol, Version 5.4. Available in: www.agrra.org.
Leão Z.M.A.N., Kikuchi R.K.P., Maia M.P., Lago R.A.L. 1997. A catastrophic coral cover decline since 3,000 years BP, Northern Bahia, Brazil. Proc. 8th Intern. Coral Reef Symp., Panamá, 1:583-588.
Leão Z.M.A.N., Kikuchi R.K.P. 1999. The Bahian coral reefs – from 7000 years BP to 2000 years AD. Ciência e Cultura, 51(3-4):262-273.
Leão Z.M.A.N., Kikuchi R.K.P., Testa V. 2003. Corals and coral reefs of Brazil, In Cortes J. (Ed.). Latin American Coral Reefs. Elsevier Science B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, p.9-52.
Leão Z.M.A.N., Kikuchi R.K.P. 2005. A relic coral fauna threatened by global changes and human activities, Eastern Brazil. Mar. Pol. Bull., 51:599-611.
Leão Z.M.A.N., Kikuchi R.K.P., Oliveira M.D.M. 2008. Branqueamento de corais nos recifes da Bahia e sua relação com eventos de anomalias térmicas nas águas superficiais do oceano. Biota Neotropica, 8:69-82.
Leão Z.M.A.N., Kikuchi R.K.P., Oliveira M.D.M., Vasconcellos V. 2010. Status of Eastern Brazilian coral reefs in time of climate changes. Pan-Amer. Jour. Aquatic Sci., 5:224-235.
Longman M.W. 1981. A process approach to recognizing facies of reef complexes, in: Toomey D.F. (ed.) European Fossil Reef Models. SEPM Special Publication 30:9-40.
Macintyre L.G., Glynn P.W., Cortes, J. 1992. Holocene reef history in the eastern Pacific: Mainland Costa Rica, Cano Island, Cocos Island and Galapos Islands. Proc. 7th Int. Coral Reef Symp., 2:1174-1184.
Maida M., Ferreira B.P. 1997. Coral Reefs of Brazil: an overview. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp.1:263-274.
Martin L., Suguio K., Flexor J.M., Dominguez J.M.L., Bittencourt A.C.S.P. 1996. Quaternary sea-level history and variation in dynamics along the central Brazilian coast: consequences on coastal plain construction. An. Acad. Bras. Ci., 68:303-354.
Montaggioni L.F., Faure G. 1997. Response of reef coral communities to sea-level rise: a Holocene model from Mauritius (Western Indian Ocean). Sedimentology, 44: 1053-1070.
Nolasco M.C., Leão Z.M.A.N. 1986. The carbonate buildups along the Northern coast of the State of Bahia, Brazil. In: Rabassa, J. (Ed.). Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula, Balkema
Pub. Company, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 4:159-190.
Neumann A.C., Macintyre I.G. 1985. Reef response to sea level rise: keep-up, catch-up or give-up. Proc. 5th Inter Coral Reef Symp, Tahiti, 3:105-110.
Pandolfi J.M., Kiersling W. 2014. Gaining insights from past reefs to inform understanding of coral reefs response to global climate change. Environ. Sustain. 7:52-58.
Precht W.F. 1993. Holocene coral patch reef ecology and sedimentary architecture, Northern Belize, Central America. Society for Sedimentary Geology, p. 499-507.
Rees S.A., Opdyke B.N., Wilson P.A., Fifield L.K., Levchenko V. 2006. Holocene evolution of the granite based Lizard Island and MacGillivray Reef systems, North Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 25:555-565.
Shinn E.A., Hudson J.H., Halley R.B., Lidz, B. 1977. Topographic control and accumulation rate of some Holocene Coral Reefs: South Florida and Dry Tortugas. Proc. 3rd Int. Coral Reef Symp. 2:1-5.
Smithers S.G., Hoopley D., Parnell K.E. 2006. Fringing and nearshore coral reefs of the Great Barrier Reef: Episodic Holocene development and future prospect. Jour. Coast. Research, 221:175-187.
Sugget D.J., Kikuchi R.K.P. Oliveira M.D.M., Spanó S., Carvalho R., Smith D.J. 2012. Photobiology of corals from Brazil’s nearshore marginal reefs of Abrolhos. Mar Biol, 159:1461-1473.
Zilberberg , C; Abrantes, D.P.; Marques J.A.; Machado, L.F.; Marangoni, L.F.B. (Eds.) 2016. Conhecendo os Recifes Brasileiros: Rede de Pesquisas Coral Vivo. Museu Nacional, UFRJ. 360 p.; (Série Livros, 58), ISBN 978-85-7427-057-9.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/abequa.v9i2.60614
