CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS AMONG THE PEDOLOGICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF SOUTHERN BAHIA, BRAZIL

Resumo

In this paper, the climatic characteristics, and their advantages in the pedological andtopographical aspects of the mesoregion of southern Bahia, Brazil, were evaluated. The study was developed in the territory of the Discovery Coast and Far South, located in the southern mesoregion of the state of Bahia. Temperature and precipitation data were obtained on the WordClim plataform and interpolated using ordinary kriging, these climate data were used to calculate evapotranspiration and soil water deficit. The soils were derived from the pedological mapping of Bahia, on a scale of 1:1250000; hypsometry and slope were obtained using the Digital Elevation Model. The climatic variables with the physical attributes of the region were tested by Pearson correlation and simple linear regression. The annual precipitation is distributed between 878.8 mm /year and maximums of 1,619 mm/year, while the average annual temperature is between 22.01 °C and 26.08 °C. The greatest potential annual evapotranspiration occurs in December and January, in the areas that have thehighest rainfall and average annual temperatures. The annual water deficit of water showed values of 88.8 to 178 mm observed in the south and northwest of the area. The area has a predominant elevation of up to 320 m and the relief is predominantly flat to wavy. The relationship between climatic, pedological and topographic data indicated that, spatially, low and flat areas with a predominance of latosols are associated with higher precipitation and higher temperature between April and September. The pedology in relation to water deficit, temperature and evapotranspiration did not present significant correlation, which indicates that the territorial extensions of the soil types do not directly interact with the local climatic conditions. The analysis contributesto the understanding of climatic factors and their relationshipsto the other physical characteristics of the south of the Bahia.