Segurança Ambiental Internacional: para uma abordagem inclusiva no estudo dos recursos hídricos
Resumo
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal traçar um panorama das atuais perspectivas teóricas para o estudo das questões ambientais dentro da disciplina de Relações Internacionais, em especial na área dos estudos de segurança. Para isso foi realizada uma revisão da bibliografia produzida acerca da temática de segurança ambiental nos últimos 50 anos, quando o termo passou a compor a agenda de debates políticos e acadêmicos no âmbito da política internacional. Percebemos que as principais teorias de segurança ambiental podem ser sistematizadas em dois grandes grupos: de um lado, teóricos que dialogam com a Tese dos Conflitos Ambientais (do inglês, environment-conflict thesis) e do outro aqueles que estudam as dinâmicas de Segurança Humana e Ecológica. A análise das pesquisas produzidas sobre a questão dos recursos hídricos internacionais demonstrou que tal divisão também se reflete na literatura produzida sobre este assunto específico, limitando as possibilidades de análise do problema. Por fim, propomos alguns elementos que podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de análises de segurança ambiental mais inclusivas, como a adequação do nível de análise, a incorporação de múltiplos agentes e a articulação das diferentes esferas de segurança.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/cg.v7i1.55811
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