Efeito de reservatório marinho na costa do Brasil
Resumo
Em estudos cronológicos de processos ocorridos nos últimos 50 mil anos, a datação de carbono 14 é a abordagem mais utilizada em todo o mundo. Para permitir a correta interpretação das idades obtidas, faz-se necessária a calibração dos resultados com base em um robusto banco de dados produzido pela comunidade científica na área de radiocarbono. A calibração objetiva, principalmente, considerar as variações na produção e distribuição do 14C ao longo do tempo e, no caso do ambiente marinho, corrigir ainda que parcialmente o Efeito de Reservatório Marinho (Marine Reservoir Effect – MRE). De fato, dado que a magnitude do fenômeno aumenta com a profundidade e varia espacialmente em função da dinâmica oceânica, a simples calibração com uma curva marinha global é incapaz de lidar com a real variabilidade do efeito, rendendo resultados não acurados. Desse modo, considera-se também uma
correção local, denominada ΔR, com valores disponíveis na literatura para diversas regiões do globo. Assim, no procedimento que é atualmente o padrão adotado em estudos cronológicos, a correção local para o MRE antecede a calibração de uma idade de 14C marinha com a curva global. Aqui objetivamos
elencar os valores de ΔR disponíveis para a costa brasileira, mostrando o impacto causado na calibração das idades de radiocarbono e a importância desse tipo de correção para estudos cronológicos baseados na datação de 14C de material marinho. Discutimos, finalmente, os problemas causados pela falta ou
pelo uso equivocado dessa correção
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/abequa.v9i1.53210
